Importing Political Polarization? The Electoral Consequences of Rising Trade Exposure

David Autor, David Dorn, Gordon Hanson and Kaveh Majlesi

No 2016:21, Working Papers from Lund University, Department of Economics

Abstract: Has rising trade integration between the U.S. and China contributed to the polarization of U.S. politics? Analyzing outcomes from the 2002 and 2010 congressional elections, we detect an ideological realignment that is centered in trade-exposed local labor markets and that commences prior to the divisive 2016 U.S. presidential election. Exploiting the exogenous component of rising trade with China and classifying legislator ideologies by their congressional voting record, we find strong evidence that congressional districts exposed to larger increases in import competition disproportionately removed moderate representatives from office in the 2000s. Trade-exposed districts initially in Republican hands become substantially more likely to elect a conservative Republican, while trade-exposed districts initially in Democratic hands become more likely to elect either a liberal Democrat or a conservative Republican. Polarization is also evident when breaking down districts by race: trade-exposed locations with a majority white population are disproportionately likely to replace moderate legislators with conservative Republicans, whereas locations with a majority non-white population tend to replace moderates with liberal Democrats. We further contrast the electoral impacts of trade exposure with shocks associated with generalized changes in labor demand and with the post-2006 U.S. housing market collapse.

Keywords: Import competition; Political polarization; Congressional elections; Trade exposure; China (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: D72 F14 H11 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Pages: 59 pages
Date: 2016-09-05
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-cdm
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (241)

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Related works:
Journal Article: Importing Political Polarization? The Electoral Consequences of Rising Trade Exposure (2020)
Working Paper: Importing Political Polarization? The Electoral Consequences of Rising Trade Exposure (2020)
Working Paper: Importing Political Polarization? The Electoral Consequences of Rising Trade Exposure (2016)
Working Paper: Importing Political Polarization? The Electoral Consequences of Rising Trade Exposure (2016)
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