Unemployment, Growth and Taxation in Industrial Countries

Francesco Daveri and Guido Tabellini

No 122, Working Papers from IGIER (Innocenzo Gasparini Institute for Economic Research), Bocconi University

Abstract: To the layman, the upward trend in European unemployment is related to the slowdown in economic growth. We argue that the layman's view is correct. The increase in European unemployment and the slowdown in economic growth are related, because they stem from a common cause: an excessively high cost of labor. In Europe, labor costs have gone up for many reasons, but one is particularly easy to identify: higher taxes on labor. If wages are set by strong and centralized trade unions, an increase in labor taxes is shifted onto higher real wages. This has two effects. First, it reduces labor demand, and thus creates unemployment. Second, as firms substitute capital for labor, the marginal product of capital falls ; over long periods of time, this in turn diminishes the incentive to accumulate and thus to grow. Thus high unemployment is associated to low growth rates. The model also predicts that the effect of labor taxation differs sharply in countries with different labor market institutions. We test these predictions on data for 14 industrial countries between 1965 and 1991, and find striking support for them. In particular, labor taxes have a strong positive effect on unemployment only in Europe and not in other industrial countries. The observed rise of 9.4 percentage points in labor tax rates can account for a reduction of the EU growth rate of about 0.4 percentage points a year - about one third of the observed reduction in growth between 1965-75 and 1976-91 - and a rise in unemployment of about 4 percentage points.

New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-ltv, nep-pbe and nep-pub
References: Add references at CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (400)

Downloads: (external link)
https://repec.unibocconi.it/igier/igi/wp/1997/122.pdf (application/pdf)
https://repec.unibocconi.it/igier/igi/wp/1997/122.zip (application/postscript)

Related works:
Journal Article: Unemployment, growth and taxation in industrial countries (2000)
Working Paper: Unemployment, Growth and Taxation in Industrial Countries (1997)
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:igi:igierp:122

Ordering information: This working paper can be ordered from
https://repec.unibocconi.it/igier/igi/

Access Statistics for this paper

More papers in Working Papers from IGIER (Innocenzo Gasparini Institute for Economic Research), Bocconi University via Rontgen, 1 - 20136 Milano (Italy).
Bibliographic data for series maintained by ().