IMF Working Papers
From International Monetary Fund International Monetary Fund, Washington, DC USA. Contact information at EDIRC. Bibliographic data for series maintained by Akshay Modi (). Access Statistics for this working paper series.
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- 2025/152: Monetary Policy Transmission to Lending Rates: Evidence from Brazil

- Daniel Leigh and Rui Xu
- 2025/151: Sovereign Debt Auctions with Strategic Interactions

- Ricardo Alves Monteiro and Stelios Fourakis
- 2025/150: Money Market Fund Growth During Hiking Cycles: A Global Analysis

- Kleopatra Nikolaou
- 2025/149: Options for Strengthening Ireland’s Fiscal Framework

- Rossen Rozenov, Waikei Lam, Yang Yang and Yinjie Yu
- 2025/148: Accounting and Fiscal Reporting in EU Countries

- Sage De Clerck, Joseph Cavanagh and Mariano D'Amore
- 2025/147: Trade Partners’ Responses to US Tariffs

- Lorenzo Rotunno and Michele Ruta
- 2025/146: Financial Imbalances, Systemic Stress, and Macroprudential Implications

- Knarik Ayvazyan and Etienne Yehoue
- 2025/145: Oil Shocks and Labor Market Developments

- Diego Gomes, Lisa Kolovich and Hannah Yi Wei
- 2025/144: Building Macroeconomic Resilience to Natural Disasters and Persistent Temperature Changes: The Case of Peru

- Zamid Aligishiev and Daria Kolpakova
- 2025/143: Industrial Policies and Firm Performance: A Nuanced Relationship

- Rafael Machado Parente, Sandra Baquie, Yueling Huang, Florence Jaumotte, Jaden Kim and Samuel Pienknagura
- 2025/142: The Impact of Debt and Deficits on Long-Term Interest Rates in the US

- Davide Furceri, Carlos Goncalves and Hongchi Li
- 2025/141: Decrypting Crypto: How to Estimate International Stablecoin Flows

- Marco Reuter
- 2025/140: Missing Imports in the Euro Area: Domestic Monetary Policy, Cross-Border Synchronization, and Demand Composition

- Francesca Caselli and Allan Dizioli
- 2025/139: Navigating the Evolving Landscape of External Financing in Sub-Saharan Africa

- Adrian Alter, Khushboo Khandelwal, Thibault Lemaire, Hamza Mighri, Can Sever and Luc Tucker
- 2025/138: Global Commodity Inflation Pass-through: Vulnerability of Small Island Developing States

- Laron Alleyne and Patrick Blagrave
- 2025/137: Understanding Inflation Dynamics in Afghanistan

- Karim Badr
- 2025/136: Financial Boom and Bust in the 19th Century: How Bad Was Germany’s Gründerkrise?

- Johannes Wiegand
- 2025/135: A Macroeconomic Framework for Long-Term Resilience and Growth

- David Bartolini, Andrew Ceber, Valerie Cerra, Pedro Juarros, Yujin Kim, Junko Mochizuki and Christine Richmond
- 2025/134: Estimated Monthly National Accounts for the United States

- Philip Barrett
- 2025/133: Global Financial Spillovers of Chinese Macroeconomic Surprises

- Camila Gutierrez, Javier Turen and Alejandro Vicondoa
- 2025/132: Time-Varying Impacts of Government Spending on CO2 Emissions

- Stefano Di Bucchianico, Mario di Serio, Matteo Fragetta and Giovanni Melina
- 2025/131: Strategies for Africa's Climate Resilience: Trade and Practices

- Samantha Borkhoche, Eman Abdulla, Edward Gemayel, Vidhi Maheshwari and Faten Saliba
- 2025/130: The Drivers and Macroeconomic Impacts of Low-Carbon Innovation: A Cross-Country Exploration

- Zeina Hasna, Henry Hatton, Florence Jaumotte, Jaden Kim, Kamiar Mohaddes and Samuel Pienknagura
- 2025/129: Demystifying Trade Patterns In A Fragmenting World

- Tatjana Schulze and Weining Xin
- 2025/128: What Are Empirical Monetary Policy Shocks? Estimating the Term Structure of Policy News

- Jonathan Adams and Philip Barrett
- 2025/127: Repo Market Volatility and the U.S. Debt Ceiling

- Mai Dao, Brandon Tan and Jing Zhou
- 2025/126: Integrating Fragmented Networks: The Value of Interoperability in Money and Payments

- Alexander Copestake, Divya Kirti, Maria Martinez Peria and Yao Zeng
- 2025/125: The EU's CBAM: Implications for Member States and Trading Partners

- Geoffroy Dolphin and Gianluigi Ferrucci
- 2025/124: Personal Insolvency and Data Collection Systems

- José Garrido, Jason Kilborn and Anjum Rosha
- 2025/123: Real Equilibrium Interest Rates in the Euro Area

- Robert Beyer and Luis Brandão-Marques
- 2025/122: How Do Remittances Affect the Real Exchange Rate? An Empirical Investigation

- Alina Carare, Juan Celis, Metodij Hadzi-Vaskov and Yasumasa Morito
- 2025/121: A Quarterly Projection Model for Tonga

- Sam Ouliaris, Celine Rochon and Daniel Taumoepeau
- 2025/120: Global Cross-Border Payments: A $1 Quadrillion Evolving Market?

- Eugenio Cerutti, Melih Firat and Martina Hengge
- 2025/119: Testing the Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) in West and Central Africa

- Abdoul Wane, Carlos de Resende and Jing Xie
- 2025/118: Should Tax Be King? The Debate over Tax Priority in Insolvency

- Irving Aw, Brendan Crowley and José Garrido
- 2025/117: Forging Strength: Exploring the Dynamic Interplay between Institutions and State Capacity

- Patrick Imam and João Tovar Jalles
- 2025/116: Growth, Interrupted: How Crises delay Global Convergence

- Patrick Imam and Jonathan Temple
- 2025/115: Natural Bank Reliance

- Hannah Winterberg
- 2025/114: Making the EU’s Multiannual Financial Framework Fit for Purpose

- Matthias Busse, Huidan Lin, Malhar Nabar and Jiae Yoo
- 2025/113: Lifting Binding Constraints on Growth in Europe: Actionable Priorities to Deepen the Single Market

- Nathaniel Arnold, Allan Dizioli, Alexandra Fotiou, Jan-Martin Frie, Burcu Hacibedel, Tara Iyer, Huidan Lin, Malhar Nabar, Hui Tong and Frederik Toscani
- 2025/112: What is Needed for Convergence? The Role of Capital and Finance

- Bryan Hardy and Can Sever
- 2025/111: Growth Strategies and Diversification in the Pacific Islands Countries

- Gabriela Cugat
- 2025/110: No Quick Fix: The Recovery and Resilience Plan and External Position in Greece

- Zamid Aligishiev and Robert Blotevogel
- 2025/109: From Text to Quantified Insights: A Large-Scale LLM Analysis of Central Bank Communication

- Thiago Silva, Kei Moriya and Romain Veyrune
- 2025/108: Cyclical Fiscal Multipliers: Policy Mix and Financial Friction Puzzle

- Zamid Aligishiev and Hamed Ghiaie
- 2025/107: Interest Rate Sensitivity Scenarios to Guide Monetary Policy

- Allan Dizioli
- 2025/106: Digitalization: A Catalyst for Intergenerational Occupational Mobility?

- Mame Astou Diouf, Boileau Loko and Rasmané Ouedraogo
- 2025/105: Scenario Synthesis and Macroeconomic Risk

- Tobias Adrian, Domenico Giannone, Matteo Luciani and Mike West
- 2025/104: Europe’s National-Level Structural Reform Priorities

- Nina Budina, Oyun Adilbish, Diego Cerdeiro, Romain Duval, Balázs Égert, Dmitriy Kovtun, Anh Thi Ngoc Nguyen, Augustus Panton and Michelle Tejada
- 2025/103: Long and Short-term Impact of Tourism on Growth in Small Developing States

- Daniel Cunha, Rodrigo Garcia-Verdu and Pedro Juca Maciel
- 2025/102: Supply Chain Diversification and Resilience

- JaeBin Ahn and Brandon Tan
- 2025/101: Fiscal Multipliers in Mongolia

- Tigran Poghosyan
- 2025/100: Labor Market Consequences of Homicides: Evidence from Mexico

- Lorenzo Aldeco Leo, Matteo Ghilardi and Hugo Tuesta
- 2025/099: Laying the Ground for Scaling up Climate Finance in Sub-Saharan Africa

- Edward Gemayel, Samuele Rosa, Vidhi Maheshwari, Christoph Ungerer and Peter Lindner
- 2025/098: Do Industrial Policies Increase Trade Competitiveness?

- Yueling Huang, Sandra Baquie, Florence Jaumotte, Jaden Kim, Yucheng Lu, Rafael Machado Parente and Samuel Pienknagura
- 2025/097: Macro-Financial Policies and Vulnerabilities in IMF-Supported Programs

- Yazan Al-Karablieh, José Marzluf, Hector Perez-Saiz, Azzam Santosa and Fabian Valencia
- 2025/096: From Banks to Nonbanks: Macroprudential and Monetary Policy Effects on Corporate Lending

- Bruno Albuquerque, Eugenio Cerutti, Nanyu Chen and Melih Firat
- 2025/095: QPM-Based Analysis of Weather Shocks and Monetary Policy in Developing Countries

- Valeriu Nalban and Luis-Felipe Zanna
- 2025/094: The Rise and Retreat of US Inflation: An Update

- Laurence Ball, Daniel Leigh and Prachi Mishra
- 2025/093: Nowcasting Global Trade from Space

- Serkan Arslanalp, Seung Mo Choi, Parisa Kamali, Robin Koepke, Matthew McKetty, Michele Ruta, Mario Saraiva, Alessandra Sozzi and Jasper Verschuur
- 2025/092: Nowcasting Real GDP in Samoa

- Geoffrey Heenan, Karras Lui, Ian Nield, Eucharist Muaulu, Viiaonaoperesi Reupena, Ivy Sabuga and Aiulu Tolovaa
- 2025/091: The Energy Origins of the Global Inflation Surge

- Jorge Alvarez and Thomas Kroen
- 2025/090: Missing Home-Buyers and Rent Inflation: The Role of Interest Rates and Mortgage Underwriting Standards

- Alessia De Stefani
- 2025/089: Leveraging Digital Technologies in Boosting Tax Collection

- Manabu Nose, Nicola Pierri and Jiro Honda
- 2025/088: Testing the Liquidity Support Effects of the U.S. Treasury Buyback Program

- Jing Zhou
- 2025/087: Preventing Fiscal Crises under Decentralization: Intergovernmental Policies and Institutions

- Ryota Nakatani
- 2025/086: Debt-at-Risk

- Davide Furceri, Domenico Giannone, Faizaan Kisat, Waikei Lam and Hongchi Li
- 2025/085: Using Simulations for Cyber Stress Testing Exercises

- Tanai Khiaonarong, Kasperi Korpinen and Emran Islam
- 2025/084: Impact Dynamics of Natural Disasters and the Case of Pacific Island Countries

- Choonsung Lim and Yue Zhou
- 2025/083: Fiscal Financing and Investment Irreversibility: The Role of Dividend Taxation

- Matteo Ghilardi and Roy Zilberman
- 2025/082: Labor Market Matching Efficiency and Koreas Low Post-Pandemic Unemployment

- Hua Chai
- 2025/081: Power Hungry: How AI Will Drive Energy Demand

- Christian Bogmans, Patricia Gomez-Gonzalez, Ganchimeg Ganpurev, Giovanni Melina, Andrea Pescatori and Sneha Thube
- 2025/080: Shifting Advantages: Do Subsidies Shape Cross-Border Investment?

- Michele Ruta and Monika Sztajerowska
- 2025/079: Inflation Targeting and the Legacy of High Inflation

- Luis Jácome, Nicolas Magud, Samuel Pienknagura and Martin Uribe
- 2025/078: K Wasn’t Built in a Day

- Adriano Fernandes and Rodolfo Rigato
- 2025/077: IMF-ENV: Integrating Climate, Energy, and Trade Policies in a General Equilibrium Framework

- Jean Chateau, Hugo Rojas-Romagosa, Sneha Thube and Dominique van der Mensbrugghe
- 2025/076: The Global Impact of AI: Mind the Gap

- Eugenio Cerutti, Antonio Garcia Pascual, Yosuke Kido, Longji Li, Giovanni Melina, Marina Tavares and Philippe Wingender
- 2025/075: “Checking the Receipts” Audits of Emergency Finance: A preliminary analysis of the implementation of the Letter of Intent commitment on audits in 50 countries

- Sebastiaan Pompe, Alice French, Martin Aldcroft and Camilla Fredriksen
- 2025/074: A New GCC Fiscal Era – A Look at the Macro and Firm-Level Impact of Tax Reforms

- Anja Baum, Dorothy Nampewo and Greta Polo
- 2025/073: Do ESG Considerations Matter for Emerging Market Sovereign Spreads?

- Carmen Avila-Yiptong, Mahamoud Islam, Ayah Said and Chima Simpson-Bell
- 2025/072: Firm Financing During Sudden Stops: Can Governments Substitute Markets?

- Miguel Acosta-Henao, Andrés Fernández, Patricia Gomez-Gonzalez and Sebnem Kalemli-Ozcan
- 2025/071: Digital Financial Inclusion and Income Inequality in China

- Yan Shen, Fei Han and Yanlong Li
- 2025/070: Europe’s Debt (Un)Sustainability: Looking Through Bohn’s Magnifying Glass

- Ales Bulir and Khyati Chauhan
- 2025/069: Bidding Behavior in Italian Treasury Auctions: The Role of Top-ups

- Daniela Marchettini
- 2025/068: AI Adoption and Inequality

- Emma Rockall, Marina Tavares and Carlo Pizzinelli
- 2025/067: AI and Productivity in Europe

- Florian Misch, Ben Park, Carlo Pizzinelli and Galen Sher
- 2025/066: Unconventional Monetary Policies in Small Open Economies

- Jesper Lindé, Marcin Kolasa and Stefan Laseen
- 2025/065: Demand for Safe Assets and Spillovers from the Global Dollar Cycle

- Cian Allen, Rudolfs Bems, Lukas Boer and Racha Moussa
- 2025/064: Micro-Evidence on the Consumption Impact of Income-Support Policies During COVID-19

- Metodij Hadzi-Vaskov, Emiliano Luttini and Luca Ricci
- 2025/063: The Impact of Labor Litigation Cases on Firm-level Productivity in Brazil

- Swarnali Hannan and Samuel Pienknagura
- 2025/062: Credit Risk Where It’s Due: Carbon Pricing and Firm Defaults

- Stefan Löschenbrand, Martin Maier, Laurent Millischer and Florian Resch
- 2025/061: Trade Reform in Services: Structural Change and Production Networks

- Adam Jakubik and Wentao Zhou
- 2025/060: Privacy Technologies & The Digital Economy

- Parma Bains and Tamas Gaidosch
- 2025/059: Fiscal Determinants of Domestic Sovereign Bond Yields in Emerging Market and Developing Economies

- Manabu Nose and Jeta Menkulasi
- 2025/058: Monetary Shocks and Labor Markets: Evidence from Online Job Vacancy Postings

- Serhan Cevik, Alice Fan and Sadhna Naik
- 2025/057: Covered Interest Parity in Emerging Markets: Measurement and Drivers

- Mai Dao and Pierre-Olivier Gourinchas
- 2025/056: Could Digital Currencies Lead to the Disappearance of Cash from the Market?

- Marco Pani and Rodolfo Maino
- 2025/055: Lost Generations? Fertility and Economic Growth in Europe

- Serhan Cevik
- 2025/054: The Insurer Channel of Monetary Policy

- Divya Kirti and Akshat Singh
- 2025/053: Interactions Between Public and Private Sector Wages and Inflation in Mongolia

- Tigran Poghosyan
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