The Virus of Fear: The Political Impact of Ebola in the U.S

Filipe Campante, Emilio Depetris-Chauvin and Ruben Durante

No 552, Documentos de Trabajo from Instituto de Economia. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile.

Abstract: We study how fear can affect the behavior of voters and politicians by looking at the Ebola scare that hit the U.S. a month before the 2014 midterm elections. Exploiting the timing and location of the four cases diagnosed in the U.S., we show that heightened concern about Ebola, as measured by online activity, led to a lower vote share for the Democrats in congressional and gubernatorial elections, as well as lower turnout, despite no evidence of a general anti-incumbent effect (including on President Obama’s approval ratings). We then show that politicians responded to the Ebola scare by mentioning the disease in connection with immigration, terrorism, and President Obama in newsletters, tweets and campaign ads. This response came only from Republicans, especially those facing competitive races, suggesting a strategic use of the issue in conjunction with topics perceived as favorable to them. Survey evidence suggests that voters responded with increasingly conservative attitudes on immigration but not on other ideologically-charged issues. Taken together, our findings indicate that emotional reactions associated with fear can have a strong electoral impact, that politicians perceive and act strategically in response to this, and that the process is mediated by issues that can be plausibly associated with the specific fear-triggering factor.

Date: 2020
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-cdm and nep-pol
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Citations: View citations in EconPapers (23)

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Related works:
Working Paper: The Virus of Fear: The Political Impact of Ebola in the U.S (2020)
Working Paper: The Virus of Fear: The Political Impact of Ebola in the U.S (2020)
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:ioe:doctra:552

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