Regime Antidumping: A Experiência Brasileira

Honório Kume and Guida Piani

No 1037, Discussion Papers from Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada - IPEA

Abstract: No final dos anos 1980, o Brasil, concomitantemente à liberalização gradual dasimportações, iniciou a operacionalização dos instrumentos de defesa comercial, com autilização dos direitos antidumping, anti-subsídios e das medidas de salvaguardas. Estetrabalho tem como objetivo avaliar a experiência brasileira na aplicação do regimeantidumping, na presença de programas de abertura comercial e de estabilizaçãomacroeconômica.Os resultados revelam que, apesar de um aumento do poder decisório doMinistério de Desenvolvimento, Indústria e Comércio Exterior, com ligações maisestreitas com os produtores locais e do elevado percentual de pleitos solicitados porempresas monopolistas e oligopolistas, o regime antidumping no Brasil destaca-se pelonúmero relativamente baixo de ações com determinação final positiva e a fixação dedireitos antidumping inferiores às margens de dumping constatadas, caracterizandouma utilização moderada desse instrumento, em contraste com a experiência deoutros países, como os Estados Unidos, a Índia, e a UE. Assim, o Brasil conseguiuadministrar apropriadamente as pressões por proteção, assegurando uma exposiçãocrescente da economia brasileira à competição internacional. ABSTRACTIn the late 1980s, the Brazilian government launched a gradual liberalizationprogram of its import policy. At the same time, GATT/WTO mechanisms such asthe antidumping, anti-subsidies and safeguard measures have been introduced.This paper aims to evaluate how the antidumping regime worked during thisperiod, when the Brazilian economy got considerably more open to externalcompetition and concurrently adopted a comprehensive macroeconomic stabilizationprogram.The results show that the Ministry of Development, Industry and Trade turnedincreasingly more powerful in the administration of the antidumping regime,indicating a more protectionist bias. Also the concentrated profile of the Brazilianindustry is reflected in the high rate of acceptance of actions initiated by oligopoliesand monopolist firms.However, comparing to other countries that are great users of the antidumpingmechanism?such as the United States, India, and UE?the Brazilian experiencereveals two interesting features. First, it has a relatively smaller rate of final positivedeterminations and second it has developed a tradition of systematically applyingantidumping duties in amounts lesser than the full dumping margins. This is whatthe GATT/WTO code recommends but not the usual practice in importantcountries, such as the United States.

Pages: 28 pages
Date: 2004-08
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Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

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