A Comprehensive Survey on Lexicase Selection

Alina Geiger (), Dirk Schweim (), Martin Briesch (), David Wittenberg (), Franz Rothlauf () and Dominik Sobania ()
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Alina Geiger: Johannes Gutenberg University, Germany
Dirk Schweim: Mainz University of Applied Sciences, Germany
Martin Briesch: Johannes Gutenberg University, Germany
David Wittenberg: Johannes Gutenberg University, Germany
Franz Rothlauf: Johannes Gutenberg University, Germany
Dominik Sobania: University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany

No 2605, Working Papers from Gutenberg School of Management and Economics, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz

Abstract: In recent years, rapid progress has been made in the field of lexicase selection with the development of many new variants, expanding its applicability across various domains. In order to consolidate this progress, we conduct a systematic survey on the current state of research on lexicase selection. Our analysis includes about 300 in-scope papers, making it a comprehensive overview of current literature in this field. We identify five major research streams, namely lexicase, ϵ-lexicase, batch-lexicase, down-sampled lexicase as well as hybrids and approximations. For each research stream, we highlight and discuss the main empirical and theoretical contributions. Further, we identify the major application domains of lexicase, ranging from program synthesis and symbolic regression to classification, Boolean logic, and even robot control. Based on our findings, we discuss current challenges and identify opportunities for future research directions in evolutionary computation and beyond.

Keywords: Lexicase; Selection; Survey (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Pages: 17 pages
Date: 2026-06-29
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