Causes of Gender Differences in Competition: Theory and Evidence

Christopher Cotton, Frank McIntyre and Joseph Price

No 2010-19, Working Papers from University of Miami, Department of Economics

Abstract: We use a game theoretic model of contests to assess different explanations for the male performance advantage in competition. Comparing the testable predictions of the model with the empirical evidence, we reject explanations involving male overcon- fidence, misperceptions about relative ability, and some preference differences. Ex- planations involving female underconfidence, stereotype threat, and adverse female reaction to competition are consistent with only some of the evidence, and an expla- nation involving lower male risk aversion is consistent with most of the evidence. Two explanations are consistent with all of the evidence: (i) male ability to perform may in- crease in the face of competition, possibly due to changes in testosterone or adrenaline; or (ii) males may care more about winning or get greater enjoyment from competition than females.

Keywords: contests; gender differences; effort and productivity (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: D74 J16 J24 J78 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Pages: 27 pages
Date: 2010-09
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Forthcoming: Under Review

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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:mia:wpaper:2010-19

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