Importing Inequality: Trade Liberalization, Technology, and Women's Employment

Yoko Oishi () and Dainn Wie
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Yoko Oishi: Asian Development Bank Institute

No 18-16, GRIPS Discussion Papers from National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies

Abstract: In this paper, we investigate the impact of trade liberalization on the demand for female workers using Indonesia fs tariff reduction in the 1990s and 2000s as a natural experiment. This paper utilizes variation in output and input tariffs to examine two different channels through which trade liberalization affects female employment: import competition and imported technology. We find that a 10%-point reduction in output and input tariffs hurt women fs employment by 0.5% point and 4.5% point, respectively, in light industries in the 1990s. We show that output tariffs affect women fs employment in a competitive industry, while input tariffs increase firms f utilization of foreign inputs instead of domestic inputs. We also find that output tariffs encourage women fs employment in heavy industry, while input tariffs have hurt women fs employment in heavy industry since 2000. Our results suggest that there exists a race between gender inequality in education and imported technology in developing countries.

Pages: 44 pages
Date: 2018-11
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-int and nep-sea
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Journal Article: Importing Inequality: Trade Liberalisation, Technology and Women’s Employment (2023)
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:ngi:dpaper:18-16

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