What is unique about green innovation?: Evidence from green hydrogen, green steel, batteries and electric vehicles

Caroline Paunov, Charlotte Rochell, Lorine Labrue and Sandra Planes-Satorra

No 2025/05, OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers from OECD Publishing

Abstract: The urgency of climate change and environmental degradation underscores requires green innovations to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, minimise pollution, and preserve natural resources and biodiversity. Encompassing both technological and non-technological advancements, these innovations often face underinvestment and structural lock-ins to existing technologies. Developments, however, are highly sector- and technology-specific. This paper examines the distinct characteristics of green innovation and explores specific development and diffusion dynamics in four key sectors: green hydrogen, green steel, batteries, and electric vehicles (EVs). While green hydrogen and green steel remain nascent due to high costs and limited market adoption, batteries and EVs are more mature but challenged by overcapacity and infrastructure gaps. Addressing existing challenges and maximising the potential of green innovation requires mobilizing the entire innovation ecosystem, targeted policy support and changes in consumption patterns.

Keywords: batteries; electric vehicles; green hydrogen; green steel; green technologies and innovation; industrial; innovation and technology policy; sectoral innovation dynamics and ecosystems (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O30 O31 O33 O38 Q42 Q55 Q56 Q58 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025-03-30
References: Add references at CitEc
Citations:

There are no downloads for this item, see the EconPapers FAQ for hints about obtaining it.

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:oec:stiaaa:2025/05-en

Access Statistics for this paper

More papers in OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers from OECD Publishing Contact information at EDIRC.
Bibliographic data for series maintained by ().