 Digital and green spillovers across firm-level production networks in EstoniaChiara Criscuolo, Antoine Dechezleprêtre, Louise Guillouet, Guy Lalanne and Francesco Manaresi No 2025/11, OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers from OECD Publishing Abstract: This paper leverages a unique combination of firm-to-firm transaction and survey data from Estonia to show the importance of network effects for the green and digital transition. This paper shows that the most central firms are also the most energy-productive and digital-intensive, even when controlling for capital-intensity and labour productivity, within sectors and size categories. Using two event studies, the 2018 EU-ETS reform and the 2020 COVID-19 crisis, this paper presents causal evidence that energy productivity and digital technology adoption diffuse through the production network. The diffusion of energy productivity only goes downstream, probably through a price effect. By contrast, the diffusion of digital technologies goes in both directions and mostly upstream (i.e. firms start resembling their buyers). The heterogeneity analysis suggests network effects are a force of convergence, helping firms who are relatively less energy-productive or digital-intensive catch up with the leaders. Keywords: Firm Behaviour; Industrial Policy; Production Networks (search for similar items in EconPapers) There are no downloads for this item, see the EconPapers FAQ for hints about obtaining it. Related works: Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:oec:stiaaa:2025/11-en Access Statistics for this paper More papers in OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers from OECD Publishing Contact information at EDIRC. |
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