3D printing and International Trade: What is the evidence to date?

Andrea Andrenelli and Javier Lopez Gonzalez

No 256, OECD Trade Policy Papers from OECD Publishing

Abstract: 3D printing technologies have attracted the attention of the trade policy community for their potential to disrupt international trade. It is argued that greater cross-border exchange in design files for local printing may lead to less trade in physical goods. New evidence presented in this paper suggests quite the opposite: that the adoption of 3D printing technologies, proxied by measures of imports of 3D printers, appears to be complementary to goods trade. On average, an increase of around USD 14 000 in imports of 3D printers is associated with a USD 3.3 million increase in the value of exports of 3D printable goods. Similar dynamics are found for imports of 3D printable goods. Overall, this implies that the wider adoption of the technology has, at present, limited implications for the ongoing debate on the renewal of the WTO Moratorium on customs duties on electronic transmissions as it is unlikely to result in loss of goods trade and traditional tariff revenue.

Keywords: 3D printable goods; Additive manufacturing; Digital trade; Electronic transmissions; System GMM; WTO Moratorium (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: F13 F14 O33 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021-11-04
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-int and nep-pay
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:oec:traaab:256-en

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