Discussion Papers

From Philippine Institute for Development Studies
Contact information at EDIRC.
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2026-07: Are Philippine Local Governments Spending Enough on Primary Health Care?

Alejandro N. Author_Email: Herrin, Valerie Gilbert T. Author_Email: Ulep, Pauline Joy M. Author_Email: Lorenzo, Solomon R. Author_Email: Sarne and Jake D. Author_Email: Calubayan

2026-06: Governance and Value: A Disaggregated Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) Analysis of Corporate Financial Performance (CFP) in Philippine Publicly Listed Firms

Michael Angelo A. Author_Email: Cortez and John Paolo R. Author_Email: Rivera

2026-05: Towards a Clearer Ecosystem for Social Enterprises in the Philippines: Identity, Certification, and Policy Implications

John Paolo R. Author_Email: Rivera, Lailani L. Author_Email: Alcantara and Kimberly Christie S. Author_Email: Vergara

2026-04: Dreams and Small Means: Career Aspirations of Children in the Philippine 4Ps Program

Kris Ann M. Author_Email: Melad, Michael R.M. Author_Email: Abrigo, Centene V. Author_Email: Pablo and Douglas Kurt Gregor C. Author_Email: Diola

2026-03: Digital Financial Platform Engagement and Financial Inclusion in the Philippines: Insights on AI Deployment and Policy Implications

Rutcher M. Author_Email: Lacaza, Nikka C. Author_Email: Pesa and Mary Grace R. Author_Email: Agner

2026-02: A Comprehensive Economic Analysis of the Coffee Value Chain in Region X: Advancing Sustainability and Empowering Local Communities

Jerelyn B. Author_Email: Medalla, Glenda T. Author_Email: Orlanes, Ereca P. Author_Email: Ampoloquio and Precious Dane P. Author_Email: Tagas

2026-01: The Middle Class and Vulnerability to Income Poverty: Implications for Social Protection in the Philippines

Jose Ramon G. Author_Email: Albert, Mohammad A. Author_Email: Mahmoud and Deanne Lorraine D. Author_Email: Cabalfin

2025-66: The Future Demand for Care in the Philippines

Aubrey D. Author_Email: Tabuga, John Joseph S. Author_Email: Ocbina, Kevin Robert B. Jr. Author_Email: Pilar and Jorge Kerby B. Author_Email: Limqueco

2025-65: Liquidity amid Lockdowns: Corporate Performance in the Philippines during the Global Pandemic

John Paolo R. Author_Email: Rivera, Mark Gerald C. Author_Email: Ruiz, Ramona Maria L. Author_Email: Miral, Marianne J. Author_Email: Rodriguez and Ivan Cenon Bernardo

2025-64: Toward Resolutions and Reconciliations: Understanding the Elements of Peacebuilding in the Philippines

Adoracion Navarro and Janina Sofia H. Author_Email: Jacinto

2025-63: Utilization of Inpatient Care in the Philippines: Evidence from Social Health Insurance Claims Data

Valerie Gilbert T. Author_Email: Ulep, Jhanna Author_Email: Uy, Frances Dominique V. Author_Email: Ho, Sarah Reem D. Author_Email: Hesham Mohamed Hagag and Henrietta Marie M. Author_Email: Rodriguez

2025-62: Analyzing Outpatient Care in the Philippines: Evidence from Social Health Insurance Data

Valerie Gilbert T. Author_Email: Ulep, Sarah Reem D. Author_Email: Hesham Mohamed Hagag and Henrietta Marie M. Author_Email: Rodriguez

2025-61: Measure, Monitor, Minimize: Re-envisioning a PhilHealth Hospital Readmission Policy for Value-Based Purchasing and Financial Risk Protection for Filipinos

Valerie Gilbert T. Author_Email: Ulep, Jhanna Author_Email: Uy, Lyle Daryll D. Author_Email: Casas, Vanessa T. Author_Email: Siy Van and Jemar Anne V. Author_Email: Sigua

2025-60: Election-Year Stimuli and Economic Performance: Evidence from a Macroeconometric Model of the Philippines

John Paolo R. Author_Email: Rivera, Mark Gerald C. Author_Email: Ruiz and Ramona Maria L. Author_Email: Miral

2025-59: Issues, Challenges, and Ways Forward for PhilHealth’s Health Information System under a Diagnosis-Related Grouping-Global Budget (DRG-GB) Regime

Valerie Gilbert T. Author_Email: Ulep, Vanessa T. Author_Email: Siy Van, Therese Jules P. Author_Email: Tomas and Jemar Anne V. Author_Email: Sigua

2025-58: Can Transport Infrastructure Reduce Inequality in Archipelagic Economies? Evidence from the Philippine Roll-on/Roll-off Network

Kris Francisco and Kimberly R. Author_Email: Librero

2025-57: The Need for Power Transmission Sector Reforms in the Philippines

Adoracion Navarro

2025-56: Language of Instruction and Transition in Education Systems (LITES), Philippines

Jennifer D. Author_Email: Monje, Ma. Christina Epetia, John Joseph S. Author_Email: Ocbina, Leih Maruss Author_Email: Sinsay-Villanueva, Kimberly R. Author_Email: Librero, Aniceto C. Jr. Author_Email: Orbeta, Romylyn A. Author_Email: Metila, Caroline Author_Email: Freeman, Annie Author_Email: Conaghan, Erina Author_Email: Iwasaki and TJ Author_Email: D’Agostino

2025-55: The Impact of Curriculum Reform on Teacher Workload: A Multidimensional Time-Use Analysis

Michael Abrigo, Edmar E. Author_Email: Lingatong and Erwin Doroteo Justien C. Author_Email: Daga

2025-54: Does Carework Impair Teachers’ Capacity to Pursue Advanced Studies in Education? Exploring Results from a Mixed-Methods Approach

Michael Abrigo, Johanna Marie Astrid A. Author_Email: Sister, Edmar E. Author_Email: Lingatong, Erwin Doroteo Justien C. Author_Email: Daga, Jesusa L. Author_Email: Paquibot and Douglas Kurt Gregor C. Author_Email: Diola

2025-53: Promise and Growing Pains in Curriculum Reform: A Mixed-Methods Evaluation of MATATAG K-To-10 Curriculum's First-Year Pilot Implementation

Michael Abrigo, Edmar E. Author_Email: Lingatong, Charlotte Marjorie L. Author_Email: Relos, Tania Dew S. Author_Email: Perez, Erwin Doroteo Justien C. Author_Email: Daga, Jesusa L. Author_Email: Paquibot, Dianne Stephanie A. Author_Email: Gavan, Louie P. Jr. Author_Email: Cagasan and Gerald C. Author_Email: Apostol

2025-52: Winning the Game: Strengthening PhilHealth’s Provider Fraud Control Mechanisms toward Improved Service Delivery and Financial Risk Protection for Filipinos

Valerie Gilbert T. Author_Email: Ulep, Jhanna Author_Email: Uy, Vanessa T. Author_Email: Siy Van, Therese Jules P. Author_Email: Tomas and Jemar Anne V. Author_Email: Sigua

2025-51: ASEAN Economic Community through the Years: Benchmarking, Emerging Trends, and Future Pathways

Francis Mark A. Author_Email: Quimba, Mark Anthony A. Author_Email: Barral and Alliah Mae C. Author_Email: Salazar

2025-50: Securing Tomorrow’s Water: Insights on Groundwater, Surface Water, and the Role of Water Districts in the Philippines

Adrian D. Author_Email: Agbon

2025-49: The Economic Impact of Geoeconomic Fragmentation of Commodity Markets

Francis Mark A. Author_Email: Quimba and Mark Anthony A. Author_Email: Barral

2025-48: How Ready Are LGUs for AI Adoption?

Francis Mark A. Author_Email: Quimba, Christopher Ed C. Author_Email: Caboverde and Alliah Mae C. Author_Email: Salazar

2025-47: Do Men Matter for Fertility Outcomes? Evidence from Spousal Dynamics in the Philippines

Michael Abrigo and Tania Dew S. Author_Email: Perez

2025-46: Increasing Labor Productivity in the Services Sector: Towards a Theory of Change and Some Design Options

Emmanuel F. Author_Email: Esguerra, Ramonette B. Author_Email: Serafica, Queen Cel A. Author_Email: Oren and Aniceto C. Jr. Author_Email: Orbeta

2025-45: Teaching through Transition: What Influences Teachers’ Practices amidst Curriculum Reform?

Michael Abrigo, Junette Fatima D. Author_Email: Gonzales, Johanna Marie Astrid A. Author_Email: Sister, Edmar E. Author_Email: Lingatong, Jenard D. Author_Email: Berroya, Erwin Doroteo Justien C. Author_Email: Daga, Daryl Jules F. Author_Email: Aranzanso, Mary Anne C. Author_Email: Ignacio, Denzel L. Author_Email: Macaraig, Centene V. Author_Email: Pablo, Carlo C. Author_Email: Pineda and Richelle M. Author_Email: Villasor

2025-44: Process Evaluation of the National Integrated Protected Area System (NIPAS) and Expanded National Integrated Protected Area System (E-NIPAS)

Sonny N. Author_Email: Domingo and Roselle F. Author_Email: Guadalupe

2025-43: Philippine Tourism Sectoral Review (2000 to 2025): From Promise to Power—Accelerating the Philippines’ Tourism Transformation toward Sustainability, Competitiveness, and Inclusion

John Paolo R. Author_Email: Rivera, John Joseph S. Author_Email: Ocbina and Marga Clarence P. Author_Email: Bolalin

2025-42: Making Electricity Subsidies Work: Cross-Country Lessons for Philippine Energy Policy

Kris Francisco and Patricia Thea A. Author_Email: Basilio

2025-41: Linguistic Mismatch and Learning Productivity: Evidence from Mother Tongue-based Education in the Philippines

Katha Ma-i M. Author_Email: Estopace, Michael Abrigo, Edmar E. Author_Email: Lingatong and Charlotte Marjorie L. Author_Email: Relos

2025-40: Urban Revitalization and Shelter Inadequacy: A Geospatial Analysis

Marife M. Author_Email: Ballesteros, Tatum P. Author_Email: Ramos and Jenica A. Author_Email: Ancheta

2025-39: AI Use in Philippine News Media: Adoption, Impacts, and Challenges

Ramonette B. Author_Email: Serafica, Sheila V. Author_Email: Siar and Queen Cel A. Author_Email: Oren

2025-38: ASEAN's Ascent: A Global Power in the Making

Francis Mark A. Author_Email: Quimba and Mark Anthony A. Author_Email: Barral

2025-37: Climate Change Perceptions and Climate Finance Mechanisms in the Philippines: A 2025 Assessment

Jose Ramon G. Author_Email: Albert, Sonny N. Author_Email: Domingo, Mohammad A. Author_Email: Mahmoud, Deanne Lorraine D. Author_Email: Cabalfin and Roselle F. Author_Email: Guadalupe

2025-36: Macroeconomic Prospects of the Philippines in 2025–2026: Restoring Confidence amid Glocal Transitions

John Paolo R. Author_Email: Rivera, Mark Gerald C. Author_Email: Ruiz and Ramona Maria L. Author_Email: Miral

2025-35: Gender Equality, Disability, and Social Inclusion in the Philippines: Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities in SDG 5 and SDG 10

Agnes R. Author_Email: Quisumbing, Jose Ramon G. Author_Email: Albert, Connie Author_Email: Bayudan-Dacuycuy, Anna Rita P. Author_Email: Vargas, Lovelaine B. Author_Email: Basillote, Paola Ellaine D. Author_Email: Luzon, Mohammad A. Author_Email: Mahmoud and Deanne Lorraine D. Author_Email: Cabalfin

2025-34: Out-of-School Children in the Philippines: Post-Pandemic Realities and Emerging Challenges at the Educational Spectrum Extremes

Jose Ramon G. Author_Email: Albert, Mohammad A. Author_Email: Mahmoud, Deanne Lorraine D. Author_Email: Cabalfin and Sheryl Lyn C. Author_Email: Monterola

2025-33: Influence of Teacher Specialization and Subject-Taught Mismatch on Students’ Learning Outcomes

Valerie L. Author_Email: Lim, Arlyne C. Author_Email: Marasigan, Leih Maruss Author_Email: Sinsay-Villanueva, Glenda Darlene V. Author_Email: Garcia, Ivan Harris Author_Email: Tanyag, Jenard D. Author_Email: Berroya, Richard P. Author_Email: Monteverde, Ivy P. Author_Email: Mejia, Jayson L. Author_Email: De Vera, Nilo J. Author_Email: Castulo, Alvin D. Author_Email: Tenorio and Cathlene P. Author_Email: De Pano

2025-32: Returns to Professional Licenses and Education-Occupation (Mis)matching

Connie Author_Email: Bayudan-Dacuycuy, Anna Rita P. Author_Email: Vargas and Paola Ellaine D. Author_Email: Luzon

2025-31: Strengthening Health Information Systems: Policies, Gaps, and a Framework for Reform

Ida Marie T. Author_Email: Pantig, Valerie Gilbert T. Author_Email: Ulep, Anne Marie T. Author_Email: Rey, M a. Norma Thea Madeline M. Author_Email: Conjares, Jann Trizia B. Author_Email: Talamayan, Jomelle John Anthony V. Author_Email: Wong and Aliyah Lou A. Author_Email: Evangelista

2025-30: Measuring Hospital Performance in the Philippines: Evidence on Quality, Efficiency, and Equity from Social Health Insurance Claims

Valerie Gilbert T. Author_Email: Ulep, Lyle Daryll D. Author_Email: Casas, Sarah Reem Hesham Mohamed Author_Email: Hagag, Frances Dominique V. Author_Email: Ho, Rizel Author_Email: Medina and Henrietta Marie Author_Email: Rodriguez

2025-29: DepEd’s Book Supply Chain: Issues, Challenges, and Ways Forward

Julieta A. Author_Email: Delos Reyes, Lady Litz M. Author_Email: Aquino, Rovelito L. Author_Email: Narita, Vilma L. Author_Email: Romanillos, Abigail T. Author_Email: Lat, Emmanuel C. Author_Email: Flores, Neil Christian R. Author_Email: Sanjorjo and Leo-Aldo A. Author_Email: Delos Reyes

2025-28: Piecing the Puzzle: Addressing the Multi-Payer and Fragmented Health Financing System in the Philippines

Ida Marie T. Author_Email: Pantig and Valerie Gilbert T. Author_Email: Ulep

2025-27: Kabayarang Sapat, Serbisyong Tapat, DRG Dapat: Transitioning from PhilHealth All Case Rates to a Fairer, Responsive, and Transparent Provider Payment System (A Retrospective Policy Analysis of the All Case Rates from 2018 to 2023)

Valerie Gilbert T. Author_Email: Ulep, Jhanna Author_Email: Uy, Vanessa T. Author_Email: Siy Van and Therese Jules P. Author_Email: Tomas

2025-26: Baseline Assessment of the Implementation of Provider Payment and Outpatient Benefit Reforms in the Philippines

Valerie Gilbert T. Author_Email: Ulep, Joy Author_Email: Bagas, Frances Lois U. Author_Email: Ngo, Jann Trizia Author_Email: Talamayan, Jereme Paolo K. Author_Email: Syling, Lea Elora A. Author_Email: Conda, Diana Francesca G. Author_Email: Gepte, Genelyn M a. Author_Email: Sarte and Diana Author_Email: Tamondong-Lachica

2025-25: Examining the DepEd’s National Assessments: A Review of Framework, Design, Development, Psychometric Properties, and Utilization

Kevin Carl P. Author_Email: Santos, Louie P. Jr. Author_Email: Cagasan, Karizza Bianca Author_Email: Loberiza, Alvin D. Author_Email: Tenorio, Ann Jelin G. Author_Email: Gonzales and May Ann B. Author_Email: Lapitan

2025-24: Using the Framework Method for the Analysis of Triadic Interview Data: Process Notes from a Curriculum Review

Michael Abrigo, Edmar E. Author_Email: Lingatong, Charlotte Marjorie L. Author_Email: Relos, Tania Dew S. Author_Email: Perez, Erwin Doroteo Justien C. Author_Email: Daga and Jesusa L. Author_Email: Paquibot