Discussion Papers

From Philippine Institute for Development Studies
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2025-37: Climate Change Perceptions and Climate Finance Mechanisms in the Philippines: A 2025 Assessment

Jose Ramon G. Author_Email: Albert, Sonny N. Author_Email: Domingo, Mohammad A. Author_Email: Mahmoud, Deanne Lorraine D. Author_Email: Cabalfin and Roselle F. Author_Email: Guadalupe

2025-36: Macroeconomic Prospects of the Philippines in 2025–2026: Restoring Confidence amid Glocal Transitions

John Paolo R. Author_Email: Rivera, Mark Gerald C. Author_Email: Ruiz and Ramona Maria L. Author_Email: Miral

2025-35: Gender Equality, Disability, and Social Inclusion in the Philippines: Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities in SDG 5 and SDG 10

Agnes R. Author_Email: Quisumbing, Jose Ramon G. Author_Email: Albert, Connie Author_Email: Bayudan-Dacuycuy, Anna Rita P. Author_Email: Vargas, Lovelaine B. Author_Email: Basillote, Paola Ellaine D. Author_Email: Luzon, Mohammad A. Author_Email: Mahmoud and Deanne Lorraine D. Author_Email: Cabalfin

2025-34: Out-of-School Children in the Philippines: Post-Pandemic Realities and Emerging Challenges at the Educational Spectrum Extremes

Jose Ramon G. Author_Email: Albert, Mohammad A. Author_Email: Mahmoud, Deanne Lorraine D. Author_Email: Cabalfin and Sheryl Lyn C. Author_Email: Monterola

2025-33: Influence of Teacher Specialization and Subject-Taught Mismatch on Students’ Learning Outcomes

Valerie L. Author_Email: Lim, Arlyne C. Author_Email: Marasigan, Leih Maruss Author_Email: Sinsay-Villanueva, Glenda Darlene V. Author_Email: Garcia, Ivan Harris Author_Email: Tanyag, Jenard D. Author_Email: Berroya, Richard P. Author_Email: Monteverde, Ivy P. Author_Email: Mejia, Jayson L. Author_Email: De Vera, Nilo J. Author_Email: Castulo, Alvin D. Author_Email: Tenorio and Cathlene P. Author_Email: De Pano

2025-32: Returns to Professional Licenses and Education-Occupation (Mis)matching

Connie Author_Email: Bayudan-Dacuycuy, Anna Rita P. Author_Email: Vargas and Paola Ellaine D. Author_Email: Luzon

2025-31: Strengthening Health Information Systems: Policies, Gaps, and a Framework for Reform

Ida Marie T. Author_Email: Pantig, Valerie Gilbert T. Author_Email: Ulep, Anne Marie T. Author_Email: Rey, Ma. Norma Thea Madeline M. Author_Email: Conjares, Jann Trizia B. Author_Email: Talamayan, Jomelle John Anthony V. Author_Email: Wong and Aliyah Lou A. Author_Email: Evangelista

2025-30: Measuring Hospital Performance in the Philippines: Evidence on Quality, Efficiency, and Equity from Social Health Insurance Claims

Valerie Gilbert T. Author_Email: Ulep, Lyle Daryll D. Author_Email: Casas, Sarah Reem Hesham Mohamed Author_Email: Hagag, Frances Dominique V. Author_Email: Ho, Rizel Author_Email: Medina and Henrietta Marie Author_Email: Rodriguez

2025-29: DepEd’s Book Supply Chain: Issues, Challenges, and Ways Forward

Julieta A. Author_Email: Delos Reyes, Lady Litz M. Author_Email: Aquino, Rovelito L. Author_Email: Narita, Vilma L. Author_Email: Romanillos, Abigail T. Author_Email: Lat, Emmanuel C. Author_Email: Flores, Neil Christian R. Author_Email: Sanjorjo and Leo-Aldo A. Author_Email: Delos Reyes

2025-28: Piecing the Puzzle: Addressing the Multi-Payer and Fragmented Health Financing System in the Philippines

Ida Marie T. Author_Email: Pantig and Valerie Gilbert T. Author_Email: Ulep

2025-27: Kabayarang Sapat, Serbisyong Tapat, DRG Dapat: Transitioning from PhilHealth All Case Rates to a Fairer, Responsive, and Transparent Provider Payment System (A Retrospective Policy Analysis of the All Case Rates from 2018 to 2023)

Valerie Gilbert T. Author_Email: Ulep, Jhanna Author_Email: Uy, Vanessa T. Author_Email: Siy Van and Therese Jules P. Author_Email: Tomas

2025-26: Baseline Assessment of the Implementation of Provider Payment and Outpatient Benefit Reforms in the Philippines

Valerie Gilbert T. Author_Email: Ulep, Joy Author_Email: Bagas, Frances Lois U. Author_Email: Ngo, Jann Trizia Author_Email: Talamayan, Jereme Paolo K Author_Email: Syling, Lea Elora A. Author_Email: Conda, Diana Francesca G. Author_Email: Gepte, Genelyn Ma. Author_Email: Sarte and Diana Author_Email: Tamondong-Lachica

2025-25: Examining the DepEd’s National Assessments: A Review of Framework, Design, Development, Psychometric Properties, and Utilization

Kevin Carl P. Author_Email: Santos, Louie P. Jr. Author_Email: Cagasan, Karizza Bianca Author_Email: Loberiza, Alvin D. Author_Email: Tenorio, Ann Jelin G. Author_Email: Gonzales and May Ann B. Author_Email: Lapitan

2025-24: Using the Framework Method for the Analysis of Triadic Interview Data: Process Notes from a Curriculum Review

Michael Abrigo, Edmar E. Author_Email: Lingatong, Charlotte Marjorie L. Author_Email: Relos, Tania Dew S. Author_Email: Perez, Erwin Doroteo Justien C. Author_Email: Daga and Jesusa L. Author_Email: Paquibot

2025-23: Review of the Localization Law and Its Effect on the Hiring of Teachers

Valerie L. Author_Email: Lim, Arlyne C. Author_Email: Marasigan, Leih Maruss Author_Email: Sinsay-Villanueva, Glenda Darlene V. Author_Email: Garcia, Ivan Harris Author_Email: Tanyag, Jenard D. Author_Email: Berroya, Ivy P. Author_Email: Mejia, Jayson L. Author_Email: De Vera, Nikolee Marie A. Author_Email: Serafico-Reyes, Nilo J. Author_Email: Castulo, Cathlene Author_Email: De Pano and John Michael D. Author_Email: Aquino

2025-22: Assessing the Current and Future Middle Skills in the Philippines: Inputs for Policy Agenda

Richard P. Author_Email: Monteverde, Ivy P. Author_Email: Mejia, Louie B. Author_Email: Dasas, Saddam C. Author_Email: Bazer, Charissa Mae S. Author_Email: Garcia and Carina S. Author_Email: Aquino

2025-21: Early Harm, Lasting Impact: The Effect of Parental Violence on Educational Outcomes among Filipino Children

Valerie Gilbert T. Author_Email: Ulep, Lyle Daryll D. Author_Email: Casas and Aaron Carlos G. Author_Email: Manuel

2025-20: Sustain the Gains: An Assessment of Nurturing Care Outcomes in the Next 1,000 Days

Valerie Gilbert T. Author_Email: Ulep, Lyle Daryll D. Author_Email: Casas, Danielle Lois M. Author_Email: Carreon and Ma. Norma Thea Madeline Author_Email: Conjares

2025-19: Review of Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA) Scholarship Programs in Targeting the Poor

Maribel Author_Email: Daño

2025-18: Harvesting Insights: Assessment of Food Systems for Children in the Philippines

Valerie Gilbert T. Author_Email: Ulep, Lyle Daryll D. Author_Email: Casas, Alice Author_Email: Nkoroi, Jann Trizia Author_Email: Talamayan, Ma. Norma Thea Madeline Author_Email: Conjares and Carleneth Author_Email: San Valentin

2025-17: Strengthening and Expanding Government Assistance for Private Education

Vicente B. Author_Email: Paqueo, Ricxie B. Author_Email: Maddawin, Michael Abrigo, Johanna Marie Astrid A. Author_Email: Sister, Solomon R. Author_Email: Sarne, Marie Louissie Ynez U. Author_Email: Lavega and Aniceto Orbeta

2025-16: Strengthening the Financing of State Universities and Colleges: Challenges and Opportunities

Herisadel P. Author_Email: Flores

2025-15: Challenges and Policy Options in Health Human Resource (HRH) Compensation, Magna Carta Compliance, and Salary Standardization

ValerieGilbertT. Author_Email: Ulep, LyleDaryllD. Author_Email: Casas, ClarisaJoyA. Author_Email: Flaminiano, LouieIyarL. Author_Email: Dagoy, JeremePaoloK Author_Email: Syling, YaddahShalomR. Author_Email: Dollente and LeifDarylC. Author_Email: Tan

2025-14: Revitalizing the Philippine Education System: Facilitating Access and Participation to In-Service Training (INSET) and Teacher Professional Development (TPD)

JohnPaoloR. Author_Email: Rivera, ValerieL. Author_Email: Lim, LeihMaruss Author_Email: Sinsay-Villanueva, GlendaDarleneV. Author_Email: Garcia, IvanHarris Author_Email: Tanyag and JenardD. Author_Email: Berroya

2025-13: Review of CHED Policies, Standards, and Guidelines (PSGs) Pre- and Post-K to 12 Reforms

GerardoL. Author_Email: Largoza and ClarenceGabriel Author_Email: Fernandez

2025-12: Hazard and Incidence of Exits of Ever-Enrolled College-Age Students

Connie Bayudan-Dacuycuy

2025-11: Strengthening Tertiary Enrollment Through Financial Aid: Insights from a Survey in Cagayan Valley

MarkJeromeB. Author_Email: deLeon, ChirbetC. Author_Email: Ayunon, MaribiMariaBenitaE. Author_Email: Balagan and KristinneJoyceA. Author_Email: Lara

2025-10: Low Fertility, Ageing Buildings, and School Congestion in the Philippines: Tailwinds, Headwinds, and Some Policy Options

Michael Abrigo, EdmarE. Author_Email: Lingatong, CharlotteMarjorieL. Author_Email: Relos, TaniaDewS. Author_Email: Perez, NoelAngeloM. Author_Email: Quejada, ErwinDoroteoJustienC. Author_Email: Daga, KathaMa-i Author_Email: Estopace, JesusaL. Author_Email: Paquibot and DianneStephanieA. Author_Email: Gavan

2025-09: Measuring the Impacts of Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) on Wage Outcomes in the Philippines

PaulineJoyM. Author_Email: Lorenzo, JohnPaoloR. Author_Email: Rivera, IanNicoleA. Author_Email: Generalao and JennylynM. Author_Email: Balaoro

2025-08: Examining the Effects of Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET) on Employment Outcomes in the Philippines

PaulineJoyM. Author_Email: Lorenzo, JohnPaoloR. Author_Email: Rivera, IanNicoleA. Author_Email: Generalao and JennylynM. Author_Email: Balaoro

2025-07: Baseline Study on the State of Participation in Local Government Units: Participatory Governance Metrics for Local Development Councils

Czarina Author_Email: Medina-Guce, LawrenceG. Author_Email: Velasco and AnneMarieT. Author_Email: Rey

2025-06: Navigating a New Era of Reciprocal Tariffs: Strategic Implications for the Philippines and Selected ASEAN Economies

Rafaelita M. Author_Email: Aldaba

2025-05: The State of Health Infrastructure Investments in the Philippines and Assessment of the Health Facility Enhancement Program (HFEP)

ValerieGilbertT. Author_Email: Ulep, AaronCarlosG. Author_Email: Manuel, ThereseJulesP. Author_Email: Tomas, DanielleLoisM. Author_Email: Carreon and LouieIyarL. Author_Email: Dagoy

2025-04: Quality Education Starting with Teacher Education

JohnPaoloR. Author_Email: Rivera, ValerieL. Author_Email: Lim, LeihMaruss Author_Email: Sinsay-Villanueva, GlendaDarleneV. Author_Email: Garcia, IvanHarris Author_Email: Tanyag, JenardD. Author_Email: Berroya and Aniceto Orbeta

2025-03: Mapping Excellence in Teacher Education: The Role of Centers of Excellence in Teacher Quality

JohnPaoloR. Author_Email: Rivera, ValerieL. Author_Email: Lim, LeihMaruss Author_Email: Sinsay-Villanueva, GlendaDarleneV. Author_Email: Garcia, IvanHarris Author_Email: Tanyag, JenardD. Author_Email: Berroya and Aniceto Orbeta

2025-02: Assessing the Implementation of Joint Programming in Government Social Protection and Economic Inclusion Interventions in the Philippines

JoseRamonG. Author_Email: Albert, FrancesGenevieveF. Author_Email: Genio and JanJoyLouiseG. Author_Email: Crismo

2025-01: Beyond Parents and Guardians: Mapping and Mobilizing the ‘Significant Others’ in Early Childhood Care and Development in the Philippines

PaulGideonD. Author_Email: Lasco and JhakiA. Author_Email: Mendoza

2024-51: Transport Infrastructure in the Philippines: From Plans to Actual Allocation

Kris Francisco

2024-50: Gender, Microentrepreneurship, Human Flourishing: Exploring the Experiences of Women Sari-sari Store Owners toward Inclusive Growth

EyllaLaireM. Author_Email: Gutierrez and Diana Author_Email: Rueda

2024-49: Critical Industries in the Time of Asia-Pacific Geopolitics: Lessons for the Philippines

JeanClarisseT. Author_Email: Carlos and DerykMatthewN. Author_Email: Baladjay

2024-48: Innovation Strategies in Traditional Cultural Expressions MSMEs in the Philippines: A Case Study

JuneAnnJ. Author_Email: Casimiro, KareninaB. Author_Email: Romualdo and ViaShaneR. Author_Email: Santiago

2024-47: Lifeline Rate and Senior Citizen Discount on Electricity: Who Pays and Who Benefits? (Socialized Pricing Mechanisms in the Philippine Electric Power Industry)

Kris Francisco

2024-46: Probing Sectoral Networks of Ownership in Publicly Listed Financial Companies in the Philippines

RamonetteB. Author_Email: Serafica, AubreyD. Author_Email: Tabuga and MadeleineLouiseS. Author_Email: Baino

2024-45: School Bullying Contributes to Lower PISA Achievement among Filipino Students: Who Gets Bullied? Why Does It Matter?

Michael Abrigo, EdmarE. Author_Email: Lingatong and CharlotteMarjorieL. Author_Email: Relos

2024-44: Harmonizing Philippine Census Data across Decades (1970–2020)

Kris Ann Melad

2024-43: Challenges and Opportunities in Subnational Public-Private Partnerships in the Philippines

Adoracion Navarro

2024-42: Examining the Role of Bullying on Schooling Outcomes: Findings from the Longitudinal Cohort Study on the Filipino Child

Michael Abrigo, AlejandroN. Author_Email: Herrin, JanL.G. Author_Email: Alegado, JudithB. Author_Email: Borja, NanetteL. Author_Email: Mayol, FranciscoM. Author_Email: Largo and IsabelitaN. Author_Email: Bas

2024-41: Strengthening CHED’s Developmental and Regulatory Capacity

Fernando Author_Email: Aldaba, Joselito Author_Email: Sescon and KarlEli Author_Email: Alconis

2024-40: An Assessment of the Local Government Units' Functional Assignments under a Decentralized Regime

RicxieB. Author_Email: Maddawin, MarianneN. Author_Email: Juco and RosarioG. Author_Email: Manasan

2024-39: The Role of Services in Global Value Chains: Assessing the Servicification of Philippine Manufacturing Industries

Neil Irwin S. Author_Email: Moreno