Towards Understanding Outbound GCC International Tourism: The Role of Expatriates and Institutional Quality

Faruk Balli, Hassan Ghassan () and Hisham Al-Jeefri

MPRA Paper from University Library of Munich, Germany

Abstract: This paper employs the gravity model using panel data analysis techniques to explain the dynamics of tourism outflows from Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries to high-, middle-, and low-income countries. The results show that, among other known variables, immigrants living in the GCC region have rendered a positive advertising impact on outbound tourism destination decisions in GCC citizens. Apart from the immigrant effect, institutional quality in the destination country is a key determinant of outbound GCC tourism.

Keywords: Bilateral international tourism demand; gravity equation; immigrants; institutional quality (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: F24 F41 L83 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2016-01-03, Revised 2017-07
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Published in Journal of Policy Research in Tourism, Leisure and Events 2.12(2020): pp. 142-151

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https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/101972/1/MPRA_paper_91177.pdf original version (application/pdf)
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/102359/1/MPRA_paper_91177.pdf revised version (application/pdf)
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/102359/6/MPRA_paper_102359.pdf revised version (application/pdf)

Related works:
Working Paper: Toward Understanding Outbound GCC International Tourism: The Role of Expatriates and Institutional Quality (2017)
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