Third Industrial Revolution Brings Global Development

Dr Haradhan Mohajan ()

MPRA Paper from University Library of Munich, Germany

Abstract: During the first industrial revolution (IR1) human and animal labor technology converted into machinery, such as the steam engine, the spinning jenny, puddling and rolling processes for making iron, coke smelting, etc. During the second industrial revolution (IR2) electricity, internal combustion engine, indoor plumbing, chemical industries, etc. technologies are developed. The third industrial revolution (IR3) began in the 1950s that is considered as the move from mechanical and analogue electronic technology to digital electronics. Nano, bio, and IT technologies, 3D printing, artificial intelligence, robotics, etc. are the most important driver of the IR3. During the IR1&2s only Western Europe and the USA were developed but during the IR3 the world becomes about 10 times wealthier, and development spreads almost every part of the world. In the IR3 there have been developed thousands of businesses organizations and millions of jobs globally. Major modern inventions are happened in the IR3. Economic development, development of transportation, development of 3D printing, robotics technologies, fab lab, etc. are extraordinary activities during the IR3. In the IR3 standard of living and life expectancy of every nation has increased than that of the IR1&2s. The IR3 has also some negative impacts, such as air pollution, biodiversity reduction, water pollution, habitat destruction, greenhouse gas emissions, global warming and climate change, etc. This study has tried to discuss various aspects of IR3 in some details.

Keywords: Digital Revolution; 3D Printing; Economic Development; Industrial Revolution; Renewable Energy; Robotics (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: B15 B3 D6 I3 N1 O1 Q5 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021-09-10, Revised 2021-09-28
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-ene and nep-env
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (13)

Published in Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 4.7(2021): pp. 239-251

Downloads: (external link)
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/110972/1/MPRA_paper_110972.pdf original version (application/pdf)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:pra:mprapa:110972

Access Statistics for this paper

More papers in MPRA Paper from University Library of Munich, Germany Ludwigstraße 33, D-80539 Munich, Germany. Contact information at EDIRC.
Bibliographic data for series maintained by Joachim Winter ().