The Hospital Emigration to Another Region in the Light of the Environmental, Social and Governance Model in Italy During the Period 2004-2021

Emanuela Resta, Onofrio Resta, Alberto Costantiello () and Angelo Leogrande

MPRA Paper from University Library of Munich, Germany

Abstract: The following article presents an analysis of the impact of the Environmental, Social and Governance-ESG determinants on Hospital Emigration to Another Region-HEAR in the Italian regions in the period 2004-2021. The data are analysed using Panel Data with Random Effects, Panel Data with Fixed Effects, Pooled Ordinary Least Squares-OLS, Weighted Least Squares-WLS, and Dynamic Panel at 1 Stage. Results show that HEAR is negatively associated to E, positively to S and negatively associated to the G within the ESG model. The data were subjected to clustering with a k-Means algorithm optimized with the Silhouette coefficient. The optimal clustering with k=2 is compared to the sub-optimal cluster with k=3. The results suggest a negative relationship between the resident population and hospital emigration at regional level. Finally, a prediction is proposed with machine learning algorithms classified based on statistical performance. The results show that the Artificial Neural Network-ANN algorithm is the best predictor. The ANN predictions are critically analyzed in light of health economic policy directions.

Keywords: Analysis of Health Care Markets; Health Behaviors; Health Insurance; Public and Private; Health and Inequality; Health and Economic Development; Government Policy; Regulation; Public Health. (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I11 I12 I13 I14 I15 I18 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023-12-30
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-big and nep-env
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