U.S. Sanctions Are Ineffective: Russia’s Dark Fleet and Gray Fleet and its Circumvention of Sanctions

Tayo Yusuf

MPRA Paper from University Library of Munich, Germany

Abstract: The study explores the circumvention of sanctions by Russia using the “Dark Fleet and Gray Fleet”. The research was premised on the rationale that the sanctions imposed by the USA and its allies has only not had its intended effects, studies shows that the Russian economy has weathered the storm and is on an upward trajectory. The study showed how the Russian state along with its collaborators have been able to enlist deficient tankers with obscured ownership to transport oil and fuel the ongoing war with Ukraine . The paper recommends ways by which the United States and its Western allies can collaborate to ensure sanctions are far reaching and fit for purpose.

Keywords: Sanctions; Evasion; Dark Fleet; Gray Fleet; Russia; USA. Ukraine (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: K00 Z00 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024-08-30
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-cis, nep-ene and nep-int
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:pra:mprapa:121829

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