Geographies of the Institutional Economic Theory and the Belt and Road Initiative. Soft Law Agreements, Pollution Halo Affect, and the Sustainable Development Goals

Celal Bayari

MPRA Paper from University Library of Munich, Germany

Abstract: The Belt and Road Initiative (the BRI) is the current developmental stage of the Chinese capitalist model, and its progress through different nations depend on the governance that China established across its own vast geography over a long period of time. The levels of the BRI international activity resemble a rapid flood rather than a slow flow, due to the availability of the Chinese state finances and private capital funds, since the start of the Deng modernisations, and China’s entry into the WTO. The growth of the Chinese capitalism presented an interesting contrast to the national economic models North America, Europe, and Asia. There has been much interest on the interplay between the nature of the Chinese capitalism, the existing institutions, and the institutions that emerged subsequently. Overall, there exists a specific understanding of the growth in China in terms of the stronger and weaker institutions, that the paper discusses. China’s own development, the BRI activities, and the uneven success of the Sustainable Development Goals across the BRI membership also form an interesting debate. Further, China’s WTO entry, the WTO framework, and the subsequent BRI agreements also significant contrasts that the paper highlights.

Keywords: China; Belt and Road Initiative; Institutional Economics; Soft Law; SDGs; Pollution Halo; Pollution Haven (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: A11 A12 A14 B3 B31 E2 E22 E62 E65 F1 F13 F14 F15 F18 F21 F23 F42 F43 F55 F62 F63 F64 G2 G28 I1 I31 K2 K23 K32 K33 L1 L12 L16 L22 L41 L51 L91 L98 M16 M21 N1 N10 N15 N17 N20 N25 N27 N30 N35 N37 N70 N75 N77 N90 N95 N97 O11 O14 O18 O19 O38 O43 O53 O55 O56 P1 P12 P14 P26 P33 P45 P48 P51 P52 Q01 Q02 Q2 Q27 Q32 Q37 Q43 Q52 Q53 Q54 Q56 Q58 R38 R41 R53 R58 Z1 Z13 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025-08-08, Revised 2025-08-08
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-env, nep-hme and nep-sea
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