Socioeconomic, Healthcare, and Policy Determinants of Life Expectancy in Europe: A Comprehensive Literature Review

Mary Isikawa, Květa Zemanová, Ziedonis Jansons and Zsófia Tóthics

MPRA Paper from University Library of Munich, Germany

Abstract: Life expectancy is a key indicator of population health and societal well-being, reflecting the combined effects of socioeconomic conditions, healthcare systems, lifestyle behaviors, and public policy interventions. This literature review synthesizes existing research on the determinants of life expectancy across European countries, highlighting the interplay between income, education, employment, healthcare access, and preventive health strategies. Evidence indicates that higher socioeconomic status, equitable healthcare provision, and effective public health policies contribute to increased longevity, while disparities in these factors exacerbate differences in life expectancy both within and between countries. The review also identifies gaps in the literature, particularly the need for integrated analyses that examine the combined effects of socioeconomic, healthcare, and policy determinants, as well as intra-country disparities. Findings from this review provide insights for researchers and policymakers seeking to enhance population health and reduce health inequities across Europe.

Keywords: Life expectancy; Europe; socioeconomic determinants; healthcare systems; public health policy (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: A1 A10 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025-08-03
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-dem
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