Modelling Tourism-Environmental Pollution-Health Outcomes Nexus in Africa

Isiaka Raifu and Priscilla Airohi-alikor

MPRA Paper from University Library of Munich, Germany

Abstract: This study used JKS Granger non-causality and 3SLS to examine causal interactions among tourism arrivals, environmental pollution and health outcomes in Africa. The causality results revealed a Granger-caused relationship between tourism arrivals, environmental pollution, and health outcomes. The 3SLS results indicated that tourism is positively linked with health outcomes and environmental pollution, while tourism and health outcomes are also positively related to environmental pollution. Our findings suggest that the government should prioritise sustainable tourism.

Keywords: tourism arrivals; environmental pollution; health outcomes (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I00 L83 Q53 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025-11-25, Revised 2025-12-20
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:pra:mprapa:127414

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