Real Exchange Rate and Trade Balance in Pakistan: An ARDL Co-integration Approach

Anwar Shah () and Muhammad Majeed

MPRA Paper from University Library of Munich, Germany

Abstract: The paper aims to find the long run and the short run relationships between trade balance, income, money supply, and real effective exchange rate for the period 1980 to 2011 in the case of Pakistan. The analysis is based on bounds testing approach to co-integration and error correction models, developed within an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) framework. The results of the bounds test indicate a stable long-run relationship between the trade balance, income, money supply, and real effective exchange rate variables. The estimated results show that increase in the level of income and depreciation in the real effective exchange rate are negatively associated with trade balance in the long and short run. Our results show that the money supply determines the behaviour of the trade balance in the long run but not in the short run. We also use innovation accounting by simulating variance decompositions (VDC) and impulse response functions (IRF) for additional inferences and find long-run relationship between trade balance and real effective exchange rate and income variables. However, we do not find long-run relationship between trade balance and money supply (M2). Our findings also suggest that Marshal-Lerner Condition for trade balance does not hold.

Keywords: Trade Balance; Exchange Rate; Money Supply (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: C22 F14 F41 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2014-07-21
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (6)

Downloads: (external link)
https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/57674/1/MPRA_paper_57674.pdf original version (application/pdf)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:pra:mprapa:57674

Access Statistics for this paper

More papers in MPRA Paper from University Library of Munich, Germany Ludwigstraße 33, D-80539 Munich, Germany. Contact information at EDIRC.
Bibliographic data for series maintained by Joachim Winter ().