Tempora mutantur, nos et mutamur in illis: religion and female employment over time

Justina A. V. Fischer and Francesco Pastore

MPRA Paper from University Library of Munich, Germany

Abstract: This study analyzes whether the role of religion for employment of women in Europe has changed over time and along women’s life cycles. Using information on 44’000 married European women from the World Values Survey, spanning more than thirty years (1981-2013), we find that over time the impact of religion on female employment has been changing. In Western Europe, behavioral differences across denominations seem to have disappeared since roughly 1997. In contrast, for Eastern Europe, we find that differences by religion have reemerged again particularly among young women. However, for women in Eastern Europe who are older than 40 years, religion plays no role – a finding that we attribute to an upbringing under secular communist regimes that strongly promoted gender equality in the labor market. Only Muslim women show a lower employment probability that persists across time, across regions, and across life cycles.

Keywords: religion; labor market participation; secularization; modernization; gender; Europe; transition countries; Eastern Europe; OECD; World Values Survey (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: J16 J22 N34 Z12 Z13 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2016-11-22
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-dem, nep-eur and nep-gen
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Related works:
Working Paper: Tempora mutantur, nos et mutamur in illis: Religion and Female Employment over Time (2015)
Working Paper: Tempora mutantur, nos et mutamur in illis: religion and female employment over time (2015)
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:pra:mprapa:75464

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