STO vs ICO: A Theory of Token Issues Under Moral Hazard and Demand Uncertainty

Anton Miglo

MPRA Paper from University Library of Munich, Germany

Abstract: This paper considers a financing problem for an innovative firm that is considering launching a web-based platform. Our model is the first one that analyzes an entrepreneur's choice between security tokens (via a security token offering (STO)) and utility tokens (via initial coin offering (ICO)). The entrepreneur on one hand faces a large degree of demand uncertainty on his product and on the other hand has to deal with incentive problems of professional blockchain participants who contribute to the development and sales of the product. We argue that utility tokens with profit rights are a better option for the firm compared to straight utility tokens or security tokens because they help the firm better deal with both the moral hazard problems (via profit sharing incentives) and demand uncertainty (they help the firm learn the product demand). This finding is consistent with some recent evidence. The paper also generates new predictions that have not been tested sofar.

Keywords: Entrepreneurial Finance; Blockchain; Initial Coin Offering; Security Token Offering; Moral Hazard; Demand Uncertainty; FinTech (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: D82 G32 L11 L26 M13 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2020
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-ent and nep-pay
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (2)

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Related works:
Journal Article: STO vs. ICO: A Theory of Token Issues under Moral Hazard and Demand Uncertainty (2021)
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:pra:mprapa:98630

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