Platform Work in Finland: Determinants, Heterogeneity, and Multiple Jobholding

Merja Kauhanen (), Aart-Jan Riekhoff and Susanna Sten-Gahmberg
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Merja Kauhanen: Labour Institute for Economic Research LABORE

No 361, Working Papers from Työn ja talouden tutkimus LABORE, Labour Institute for Economic Research LABORE

Abstract: Using linked survey and register data, we provide new nationally representative evidence on platform work in Finland, examining its prevalence, heterogeneity, and combination with multiple jobholding. Platform work participation is most strongly associated with immigrant background. Onsite and online platform workers exhibit systematically different profiles — immigrant background and urban residence are distinctive predictors of onsite platform work while lower income is independently associated with online participation. We also provide the first nationally representative evidence on the intersection of platform work and multiple jobholding in a Nordic coordinated market economy. Conventional multiple jobholding concentrates among higher-income and higher-educated workers consistent with portfolio theory, while platform work without strictly defined multiple jobholding follows a necessity pattern more prevalent among lower-income workers. Platform multiple jobholding conforms to neither framework, exhibiting income invariance and a distinctive gender gap absent from conventional multiple jobholding.

Keywords: platform work; multiple jobholding; onsite platform work; online platform work (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: J22 J24 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Pages: 43 pages
Date: 2026-06-30
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