북한 외화획득사업 운영 메커니즘 분석: 광물부문(무연탄ㆍ철광석)을 중심으로 (An Analysis of Operation Mercanism of Foreign Exchange Acquisition Project in North Korea:Focues the Mineral Sector (anthracite, iron ore))

Sooho Lim (), Moonsoo Yang () and Jungkyun Rhee ()
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Sooho Lim: Korea Institute for International Economic Policy
Moonsoo Yang: University of North Korean Studies
Jungkyun Rhee: Korea Institute for International Economic Policy

No 17-20, Policy Analyses from Korea Institute for International Economic Policy

Abstract: Minerals are North Korea's key exports. The international community assumes that a significant portion of North Korea's mineral exports is devoted to the development of weapons of mass destruction (WMD), such as nuclear weapons and missiles, and therefore has been implementing strong export sanctions since 2016. As a result, North Korean exports of more than 10 kinds of minerals, including anthracite and iron ore, have been banned for trade by the international community. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of sanctions placed on anthracite and iron ore exports on the North Korean economy in depth, which account for the largest share of North Korea’s exports. More specifically, we examine the production and export of anthracite and iron ores, the process of acquiring foreign currency as a result of the trade and its distribution mechanism. To ensure this end, we conducted in-depth interviews with North Korean defectors who have worked in the business of acquiring foreign exchange as a result of trade in anthracite and iron ores in North Korea, and Korean and Chinese business operators who had engaged in mineral trades with North Korea. 광물은 북한의 핵심 수출품이다. 국제사회는 북한의 광물 수출대금 중 상당 부분이 핵ㆍ미사일 등 대량살상무기(WMD) 개발에 전용된다고 간주하고 2016년부터 강력한 수출제재를 실시하고 있다. 이에 따라 북한은 무연탄과 철광석을 비롯한 10여 종의 광물을 해외로 수출할 수 없게 되었다. 본 연구는 광물제재, 특히 북한의 수출에서 가장 큰 비중을 차지하는 무연탄 및 철광석 수출제재가 북한경제에 미치는 영향을 심층적으로 분석하기 위해 무연탄 및 철광석의 생산과 수출, 그리고 그 과정에서 동반되는 외화의 획득과 분배 메커니즘을 체계적으로 분석하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 북한에서 무연탄 및 철광석 외화벌 이사업에 종사한 경험이 있는 탈북자, 대북 광물무역에 종사한 경험이 있는 한국 및 중국 사업자들을 대상으로 심층 인터뷰를 실시하였다.

Keywords: North Korea; Mineral Sector; Foreign Exchange Acquisition Project (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Pages: 177 pages
Date: 2017-12-27
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