WTO 체제의 구조적 위기와 한국의 신 다자협상 대응 방향 (Structural Paralysis of the WTO Multilateral Trading System and New Negotiation Strategies for Korea)

Jin Kyo Suh (), Cheon-Kee Lee (), Jukwan Lee (), Jihyeon Kim () and Myeonghwa Jung ()
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Jin Kyo Suh: KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP), Postal: [30147] , Builing C, Sejog National Research Complex, , 370, Sicheong-daero, , Sejong-si, Korea,, https://www.kiep.go.kr/eng/
Cheon-Kee Lee: KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP), Postal: [30147] , Building C, Sejong National Research Complex, , 370, Sicheong-daero, , Sejong-si, Korea, https://www.kiep.go.kr/eng/
Jukwan Lee: KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP), Postal: [30147] , Building C, Sejong National Research Complex, , 370, Sicheong-daero, , Sejong-si, Korea, https://www.kiep.go.kr/eng/
Jihyeon Kim: KOREA INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC POLICY (KIEP), Postal: [30147] , Building C, Sejong National Research Complex, , 370, Sicheong-daero, , Sejong-si, Korea, https://www.kiep.go.kr/eng/
Myeonghwa Jung: Korea Maritime Institute (KMI), Postal: [49111] 26, Haeyang-ro 301 beon-gil, Yeongdo-gu, Busan, https://www.kmi.re.kr/web/main/main.do?rbsIdx=1

No 20-20, Policy Analyses from Korea Institute for International Economic Policy

Abstract: WTO 다자체제의 구조적 위기 이면에는 선진국과 개도국의 대립, 특히 미국과 중국의 대결이라는 쉽게 해소되기 어려운 난제가 있다. 따라서 WTO 다자체제의 회복을 기대하기 쉽지 않다. 향후 세계 무역은 신보호무역주의 정착과 미·중 통상마찰이 심화되는 과정에서 빠르게 서비스화·디지털화될 전망이다. 또한 글로벌 가치사슬은 지역화 및 지식 중심으로 변화가 뚜렷하다. 이에 우리나라의 WTO 다자협상 대책도 기존 상품 위주에서 서비스와 지재권 등 무형의 자산 중심으로 무게 추를 바꿀 필요가 있다. 또한 다양한 성격의 복수국간 협상이 부상할 전망이므로, 이에 대한 사전준비도 필요하다. 특히 가치사슬의 지역화 경향에 따라 기체결 FTA와 시너지효과를 낼 수 있는 협상전략도 강구해야 된다. The WTO is facing a historical crisis. Its main functions ‒ namely, providing a negotiating forum, administrating WTO trade agreements and monitoring national trade policies, and resolving trade disputes ‒ are significantly paralyzed. The WTO launched the Doha Development Round in 2001, but failed to produce meaningful outcomes to this day. Further, China's entry into the WTO has neither opened up its economy, nor created a level playing field when it comes to potentially market-distorting subsidies. The surveillance of trade policies based on the Trade Policy Review Mechanism (TPRM), a fundamentally important activity running throughout the work of the WTO aimed at fostering transparency, is criticized for its lack of effectiveness. The Dispute Settlement Mechanism (DSM), once praised as the WTO's "crown jewel," is now on the verge of collapse due to the absence of an appeal court. Although the cause of the crisis is partly institutional, higher uncertainty is also a considerable problem aggravating the fate of the multilateral trading system. Such uncertainty comes from two factors: rising protectionism, and trade frictions between developed and developing countries including those between the United States and China. Meanwhile, the WTO also needs to respond to rapid structural changes in global trade. The center of the world's trade is shifting towards trade in services. The development and spread of information and communication technology (ICT) are making it easier to supply services across borders. Global Value Chains' (GVCs) regionalization or localization is deepening and GVCs are shifting towards knowledge-based goods.

Keywords: WTO; Korea; New Negotiation strategies; structural paralysis; GVCs; global value chains; DDA; TPRM; DSU (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Pages: 331 pages
Date: 2020-12-30
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