Beyond Statistics: The Economic Content of Risk Scores

Liran Einav, Amy Finkelstein (), Raymond Kluender () and Paul Schrimpf ()
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Amy Finkelstein: Massachusetts Institute of Technology and NBER
Raymond Kluender: Massachusetts Institute of Technology and NBER
Paul Schrimpf: University of British Columbia

No 15-024, Discussion Papers from Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research

Abstract: In recent years, the increased use of "big data" and statistical techniques to score potential transactions has transformed the operation of insurance and credit markets. In this paper, we observe that these widely-used scores are statistical objects that constitute a one-dimensional summary of a potentially much richer heterogeneity, some of which may be endogenous to the specific context in which they are applied. We demonstrate this point empirically using rich data from the Medicare Part D prescription drug insurance program. We show that the "risk scores", which are designed to predict an individual's drug spending and are used by Medicare to customize reimbursement rates to private insurers, do not distinguish between two different sources of spending: underlying health, and responsiveness of drug spending to the insurance contract. Naturally, however, these two determinants of spending have very different implications when trying to predict counterfactual spending under alternative contracts. As a result, we illustrate that once we enrich the theoretical framework to allow individuals to have heterogeneous behavioral responses to the contract, strategic incentives for cream skimming still exist, even in the presence of "perfect" risk scoring under a given contract.

Keywords: Risk Score; Medicare; Health Insurance; Health Care (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: D12 G22 I11 I13 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
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Related works:
Journal Article: Beyond Statistics: The Economic Content of Risk Scores (2016)
Working Paper: Beyond Statistics: The Economic Content of Risk Scores (2015)
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