On the Effect of Parallel Trade on Manufacturers’ and Retailers’ Profits in the Pharmaceutical Sector

Pierre Dubois and Morten Sæthre

No 18-883, TSE Working Papers from Toulouse School of Economics (TSE)

Abstract: Differences in regulated pharmaceutical prices within the European Economic Area create arbitrage opportunities that pharmacy retailers can access through parallel imports. For prescription drugs under patent, parallel trade affects the sharing of profits among an innovating pharmaceutical company, retailers, and parallel traders. We develop a structural model of demand and supply in which retailers can choose the set of goods to sell, thus foreclosing consumers’ access to less profitable drugs. This allows retailers to bargain and obtain lower wholesale prices from the manufacturer and parallel trader. With detailed transaction data from Norway, we identify a demand model with unobserved choice sets using retailside conditions for optimal assortment decisions of pharmacies. We find that retailer incentives play a significant role in fostering parallel trade penetration and that banning parallel imports would benefit manufacturers as well as prevent pharmacies from foreclosing the manufacturer’s product. Finally, in the case of the statin market in Norway, we show that it would be possible to decrease spending and increase profits of the original manufacturer through lump sum transfers associated with a lower reimbursement price, thus decreasing price differentiation across countries.

Keywords: Parallel trade; pharmaceuticals; vertical contracts; demand estimation; foreclosure (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: I11 L22 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2018-01, Revised 2020-03
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-com
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (14)

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Related works:
Journal Article: On the Effect of Parallel Trade on Manufacturers' and Retailers' Profits in the Pharmaceutical Sector (2020)
Working Paper: On the Effect of Parallel Trade on Manufacturers’ and Retailers’ Profits in the Pharmaceutical Sector (2020)
Working Paper: On the Effect of Parallel Trade on Manufacturers' and Retailers' Profits in the Pharmaceutical Sector (2018)
Working Paper: On the Effect of Parallel Trade on Manufacturers’ and Retailers’ Profits in the Pharmaceutical Sector (2017)
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