Painting Price: A Machine Learning Approach to Art Valuation. Proof of Concept and Market Structure Diagnosis

Kostiantyn Okhrimenko ()
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Kostiantyn Okhrimenko: University of Warsaw, Faculty of Economic Sciences

No 2026-18, Working Papers from Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Warsaw

Abstract: This paper investigates the feasibility of predicting art prices using machine learning methods applied to a dataset of 20,905 paintings and drawings scraped from the Artsper online marketplace. We test tree-based ensemble models (Decision Tree, Random Forest, XGboost) and deep learning architectures (MLP, CNN, Fusion) on both tabular metadata and hand-crafted image features. Results consistently show poor predictive performance across all model types and feature sets. We argue that this outcome is not a methodological failure but a substantive finding: it constitutes a diagnosis of the market structure of contemporary art. Drawing on hedonic pricing theory (Rosen 1974), the sociology of cultural fields (Bourdieu 1993), and the economics of valuation (Velthuis 2005; Beckert and Rössel 2013), we propose a three-layer model of art price determinants: physical attributes (observable and partially captured by models), visual-aesthetic features (observable but poorly quantifiable), and narrative-reputational capital (largely unobservable in cross-sectional platform data).

Keywords: art market; machine learning; hedonic pricing; art valuation; cultural economics; XGboost; CNN (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: C45 C53 Z11 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Pages: 29 pages
Date: 2026
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