Social Protection Discussion Papers and Notes

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203254: Refugees and Social Assistance in Low- and middle-income Countries: A Review of Operational Experiences

Alfredo Manfredini Bohm, Pablo Acosta, Jeremy Lebow and Emanuela Migliaccio

202888: Evaluating the Employment Effects of a Labor Market Integration Program for Syrian Refugees and Turkish Nationals in Türkiye: Baseline Report

Efsan Nas Ozen and Dhushyanth Raju

202887: Vertical Skills Mismatch in Türkiye’s Labor Market: Evidence from Refined Measures

Saumik Paul and Dhushyanth Raju

202770: Who Participates in Defined Contribution Pension Systems When Informality is High? Evidence from 20 Years of Administrative Records from the Dominican Republic

Clement Joubert, Thiago Scot, Isaac Rafael Maríñez, Pietter José Regalado, Tatiana Flores and Nicolas Garces Rodriguez

201921: A Guide to Implementing Social Safety Nets in Fragile, Conflict, and Violent Context: Adaptive Strategies and Approaches to World Bank Safety Net Delivery Amid Challenges

Silvia Fuselli, Mona Luisa Niebuhr, Mira Saidi and Sara Agostini

201896: Programmes d’Inclusion Productive au Sahel: Aperçu des Programmes et des Résultats d’Évaluation dans la Région

Thomas Bossuroy, Patrick Premand and Margaux Vinez

200306: Out of Harm’s Way: Adaptive Social Protection for Pandemics in South Asia

Javier Sanchez-Reaza and Tehreem Fatima

200280: Wake-Up Call for Social Assistance? An Unfinished Mission to Reach the Poor and Beyond: State of Social Protection Report 2025 - The 2-Billion-Person Challenge Background Paper #3

Yuko Okamura, Hrishikesh TMM Iyengar and Colin Andrews

200255: Mind the Gap: Coverage, Adequacy, and Financing Gaps in Social Protection for the Extreme Poor and the Poorest Quintile

Emil Daniel Tesliuc and Ana Sofia Martinez Cordova

200230: Riding the Demographic Wave: Pensions and Retirement Income in an Aging World

Gonzalo Reyes Hartley and Miglena Abels

200229: Adaptive Social Protection Agenda: Lessons from Responses to COVID-19 Shock

Emil Daniel Tesliuc and Maria Belen Fontenez

200228: Unlocking the Potential of Household Surveys to Measure Women’s Access to Social Protection

Claudia P. Rodriguez Alas, Ana Veronica Lopez and Ingrid Mujica

200227: Optimizing Labor Market Programs and Strengthening Delivery Systems for Impact and Scale

Eliana Carranza, Matteo Morgandi and Diana Sverdlin

200184: Tracking Global Social Protection Responses to Price Shocks: Living Paper v.1

Ugo Gentilini, Mohamed Bubaker Alsafi Almenfi, Hrishikesh TMM Iyengar, Yuko Okamura, Emilio Raul Urteaga, Giorgia Valleriani, Jimmy Vulembera Muhindo and Sheraz Aziz

200018: Blue Social Protection Handbook: Protecting People, Fish and Food

Annabelle Bladon, Gunilla Greig, Yuko Okamura and Gianluigi Nico

200011: Dynamic Social Registries for Adaptive Social Protection on the Sahel: Considerations for Their Design and Operationalization

Luis Inaki Alberro Encinas and Sebastian Geschwind

197750: Service Integration and Case Management for People on the Move: A Review of Selected International Practices

Andrea Petrelli, Matthew Chase Martin, Francesco Cenedese, Ioanna Pantelaiou, Andrea Sitarova, Lucia Solbes Castro and Mauro Testaverde

197627: A Slippery Slope: The Opportunities and Risks of Digital Approaches and Technology in Social Protection Systems

Phillippe Leite, Andres Chamba, Youssef Zaarour and Dominique Leska-See

197515: Expanding Coverage in Vietnam’s Voluntary Social Insurance Scheme: Insights and Recommendations

Himanshi Jain, Nga Thi Nguyen, Agastya Yeachuri, Pham Bao Ha and Koustav De

197453: De Jure and De Facto Coverage of Parental Benefits in Nepal

Ambika Sharma and Himanshi Jain

197396: Cartographie des Impacts au Mali: Impact au Niveau National des Programmes de Protection Sociale Adaptative au Sahel

World Bank

197248: Regulating Markets So More People Find Better Jobs

Eliana Carranza, Federica Saliola and Truman Packard

197190: Awareness, Access, and Perceptions around Parental Benefits among Urban Argentinians

Ludovica Cherchi and Himanshi Jain

196370: Dinâmicas de Migração e Remessas em São Tomé e Príncipe: Desafios e Recomendações

Emma Mercedes Monsalve Montiel, Guillaume Kroll, Barbara Barros Barbosa, Delfim Mampassi E Martins Mawete and Mohamed Boly

194492: Integrating Social Protection and Economic Inclusion with Management of Sri Lanka’s Coastal Fisheries

Tijen Arin, Shalika H. Subasinghe, Annabelle Bladon and Tiloka Sunayani De Silva

193886: Connecting Social Protection, Labor Market Interventions and Fisheries Management in Viet Nam

Nga Thi Nguyen, Gianluigi Nico, Thanh Hai Nguyen, Annabelle Bladon and Anna Ducros

193764: Management Practices, Firm Performance, and Work-life Balance in Turkiye

Laurent Bossavie, Erkan Duman, Aysenur Acar Erdogan, Mattia Makovec and Sirma Demir Seker

192987: Safety Nets in Contexts of Violence, Fragility and Forced Displacement: The Case of Burkina Faso and Cameroon

Anne Della Guardia, Milli Lake and Mira Saidi

192603: Opportunities for Linking Fisheries Management and Social Protection in Solomon Islands

Anita Kendrick, Vincenzo Vinci, Xavier F.P. Vincent, Fiona Howell and Son H. Nguyen

192601: Supporting Sustainability in Kenya’s Fisheries through Social Protection and Labor Market Interventions

Kevwe Sylvester Pela, Samantha De Martino, Federica Ricaldi and David William Japp

192485: Integrating Social Protection with Fisheries Management for Sustainability: Overview of Country Case Studies

Yuko Okamura, Annabelle Bladon, Gunilla Greig and Gianluigi Nico

192484: Exploring Alternatives for the Economic Inclusion of Low-Income, Artisanal Fisher Communities in Costa Rica: Case Study of Artisanal Fishing and Mollusk Gathering Communities in Puerto Cortés and Golfo Dulce

Martha Sanchez Galvis and Luz Rodriguez-Novoa

191619: Technology and the Future of Work: Global Trends and Policy Directions for Technological Change in the Labor Market

Elizabeth Lorenzo Mata, Ramy Zeid, Carole Chartouni, Johannes Koettl, Mehmet Soytas and Nayib Rivera

191318: Social Protection and Jobs for Climate Change Challenges: Current Practice and Future Opportunities

Cecilia Costella, Elham Shirin Shabahat, Nian Sadiq and Yuko Okamura

191207: Cash or In-Kind Transfers: Do Outcomes Vary According to Transfer Modality?

World Bank and Innovations for Poverty Action

191206: Can Safety Nets Reduce Gender-Based Violence? How?

Alessandra Heinemann and Palak Rawal

191205: Evidence Briefs on Cash Transfers: Overview and Ten Key Messages

World Bank and Innovations for Poverty Action

191203: Cash Transfer Payment Mechanisms: Do Outcomes Vary According to Payment Mechanism?

World Bank and Innovations for Poverty Action

191202: Cash Transfer Size: How Much Is Enough?

World Bank and Innovations for Poverty Action

191201: Cash Transfer Timing: How Transfer Duration and Frequency Contribute to Outcomes

World Bank and Innovations for Poverty Action

190908: The Gig Economy and the Future of Work: Global Trends and Policy Directions for Non-Standard Forms of Employment

Ramy Zeid, Dana Jasmine Alrayess, Mohamed Ihsan Ajwad, Mehmet Ali Soytas and Nayib Rivera

189993: Scaling up Social Assistance Where Data is Scarce: Opportunities and Limits of Novel Data and AI

Tim Ohlenburg, Emil Tesliuc and Yuko Okamura

189759: Labor Market Integration of Refugees in Germany: New Lessons After the Ukrainian Crisis

Maddalena Honorati, Mauro Testaverde and Elisa Totino

188471: Social Protection and Labor Market Policies for the Informally Employed: A Review of Evidence from Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Yashodhan Ghorpade, Camila Franco Restrepo and Luis Eduardo Castellanos Rodriguez

185701: The Impact of the August 2021 Earthquake in Haiti: Evidence from the Social Registry’s Shock Module

Pascal Jean Edouard Jaupart, Aditi Kharb, Ailo Klara Manigat, Caroline Anne Isabelle Tassot and Cornelia M. Tesliuc

185112: Pathways toward digitalization in Social Protection and Labor (SPL) service delivery

Christina Louise Lowe, Iamele P. Rigolini, Lucia Solbes Castro and Francesca Adele Bastagli

184975: Novissi Togo - Harnessing Artificial Intelligence to Deliver Shock-Responsive Social Protection

Cina Lawson, Morlé Koudeka, Ana Lucia Cardenas Martinez, Luis Inaki Alberro Encinas and Tina George Karippacheril

184762: Constraints to Digital Financial Inclusion of Beneficiaries of PSARA Cash Transfer Program in Haiti - A Demand-side Analysis and Recommendations

World Bank

184035: How to Design a Grievance Mechanism that Responds to Gender-Based Violence?: Learningfrom South Sudan

Palak Rawal

183612: Tracking Global Social Protection Responses to Inflation - Living Paper v. 5

Ugo Gentilini, Mohamed Bubaker Alsafi Almenfi, Hrishikesh TMM Iyengar, Giorgia Valleriani, Yuko Okamura, Emilio Raul Urteaga, Sheraz Aziz, Mohammad Farid Al Azim Bin Noruzi and Margret Chu