Migration and Jobs: Issues for the 21th Century

Luc Christiaensen, Alvaro Gonzalez and David Robalino

No 31110853, Jobs Group Papers, Notes, and Guides from The World Bank

Abstract: With an estimated 724 million extreme poor people living in developing countries, and the world’s demographics bifurcating into an older north and a younger south, there are substantial economic incentives and benefits for people to migrate. There are also important market and regulatory failures that constrain mobility and reduce the net benefits of migration. This paper reviews the recent literature and proposes a conceptual framework to better integrate and coordinate policies for addressing the different market and regulatory failures. The paper advances five types of interventions in need of particular attention in terms of design, implementation and evaluation; namely, 1) active labor market programs that serve local, regional and foreign markets; 2) remittances and investment subsidies to promote job creation and labor productivity growth; 3) social insurance programs that cover all jobs and facilitate labor mobility; 4) labor taxes to internalize the social costs of migration in receiving regions; and 5) more flexible, private sector driven schemes to regulate the flow of migrants and minimize irregular migration.

Keywords: migrant; active labor market program; job opportunity; job opportunities; social rate of return; development impact of remittance; ex ante risk management; world foreign direct investment; internal displacement; access to employment opportunity; number of asylum seekers; labor mobility; communities of origin; local public good; urban population growth; local labor market; social insurance program; labor productivity growth; return migration; effect of remittance; cost of migration; number of migrants; bilateral migration agreements; flow of migrants; Internally Displaced People; savings and investment; home country; home countries; distribution of skill; migration flow; regulatory failure; international labor market; distribution of workers; influx of refugees; country case study; labor market outcome; risk management instrument; right of women; cost of care; education of migrants; income earning opportunities; welfare of migrants; share of work; attitude towards migration; access to job; history of migration; conflict and violence; rates of unemployment; economies of agglomeration; global public policy; skill and technology; opportunities for education; country of residence; characteristics of migrant; years of schooling; migration of woman; domestic labor market; international migration flow; global income inequality; local public service; gap in access; data on income; multilateral agreement; job search assistance; absence of market; response to disaster; movement of labor; movement of capital; area of migration; increase in inequality; Local Economic Development; net job creation; impact of immigration; education and health; time of conflict; choice of destination; role of migration; term of data; types of migration; freedom of movement; education child; high minimum wages; movement of people; sovereign credit rating; capital market access; repatriation of refugee; retail payment system; education of child; per capita income; cost of remittance; financial literacy training; impact of policy; incentives for return; local investment; human capital; rural-urban migration; market failure; migration costs; rural area; migration decision; credit constraint; internal migrant; Forced Migration; income gap; Public Services; Migration Policies; social cost; matching grant; internal migration; natural disaster; important policy (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Pages: 39
Date: 2019-05-28
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http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/66538155 ... for-the-21st-Century

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Working Paper: Migration and Jobs: Issues for the 21st Century (2019)
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