Does Automatic Loan Approval Reduce Gender Bias in SME Lending ?

Irani Arraiz, Miriam Bruhn and Claudia Ruiz Ortega

No 11361, Policy Research Working Paper Series from The World Bank

Abstract: This paper examines whether automatic credit approval can reduce gender bias in lending to small and medium-sized enterprises. The study team collaborated with a bank in Peru that piloted a new screening tool to generate psychometric credit scores. Applicants who scored above a predefined threshold were automatically offered a loan with a size tied to their score, and those below the threshold were assessed by a loan officer. Using a regression discontinuity design and credit bureau data, the paper compares loan offers and loan sizes of female and male applicants within a narrow window around the automatic approval threshold. The results show that female applicants below the threshold are less likely to take out loans and receive smaller loan amounts than men. However, this gender bias disappears for applicants above the threshold, suggesting that automated screening methods can reduce loan officer discretion and promote gender equity in lending.

Date: 2026-04-27
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