The Relationship between Female Labor Force Participation and Violent Conflicts in South Asia

Raymond Robertson, Gladys C. Lopez-Acevedo and Matias Morales
Authors registered in the RePEc Author Service: Gladys Lopez-Acevedo

No 9195, Policy Research Working Paper Series from The World Bank

Abstract: This paper explores the link between the prevalence of violent conflicts and extremely low female labor force participation rates in South Asia. The Labor Force Surveys from Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, India, and Pakistan are merged with the Global Terrorism Database to estimate the relationship between terrorist attacks and female labor supply. Geographical data on exposure to violence are used to compare administrative units exposed to attacks with those not exposed. The analysis finds that one additional attack reduces female labor force participation rates by about 0.008 percentage point, on average. Violence has less impact on male labor participation, thus widening the gender labor participation gap. The paper tests the added -- worker effect theory -- which posits that violence might increase female labor force participation as women try to make up for lost household income—and finds mixed evidence: greater prevalence of attacks may encourage married women to work more hours, but when the environment gets more risky, all women work fewer hours. The paper also finds that violence decreases female labor participation less where it was already higher and has a progressively greater impact on lowering female labor participation where the number of attacks is higher.

Keywords: Labor Markets; Armed Conflict; International Terrorism&Counterterrorism; Textiles; Apparel&Leather Industry; Pulp&Paper Industry; Plastics&Rubber Industry; Business Cycles and Stabilization Policies; Food&Beverage Industry; Common Carriers Industry; Construction Industry; General Manufacturing; Rural Labor Markets (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2020-03-26
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-dev and nep-gen
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (2)

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Related works:
Working Paper: The Relationship between Female Labor Force Participation and Violent Conflicts in South Asia (2020)
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