How Far from Full Employment? The European Unemployment Problem Revisited

Meryem Gökten, Philipp Heimberger and Andreas Lichtenberger ()
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Andreas Lichtenberger: The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies, wiiw, https://wiiw.ac.at/andreas-lichtenberger-s-1922.html

No 245, wiiw Working Papers from The Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies, wiiw

Abstract: This paper analyses deviations from full employment in EU countries, compared with the US and the UK. We apply the Beveridge (full-employment-consistent) rate of unemployment (BECRU), derived from the unemployment-vacancies relationship. The BECRU is the level of unemployment that minimises the non-productive use of labour. Based on a novel dataset for the period 1970-2022, we find full employment episodes in selected EU countries (Germany, Sweden, Austria, Finland) during the 1970s. The European unemployment problem emerged in the 1980s and 1990s, as Beveridgean full employment gaps increased. In the run-up to the global financial crisis, full employment gaps declined, then increased during the Great Recession. Slack in labour markets increased initially during the pandemic. Labour markets became tighter when recovering from the COVID-19 crisis, but few countries hit full employment. Panel regressions highlight that hysteresis, labour market institutions, structural factors, macroeconomic factors and political factors contribute to explaining full employment gaps.

Keywords: Full employment; unemployment; vacancies; EU; UK; US (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: E24 E32 E6 J63 J64 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Pages: 41 pages including 3 Tables and 8 Figures
Date: 2024-04
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-eec and nep-lab
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Journal Article: How far from full employment? The European unemployment problem revisited (2024)
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