The economic dependencies of Finland and the European Union on the United States

Juuso Kaaresvirta, Riikka Nuutilainen and Juho Pitkäranta

No 17/2025, BOFIT Policy Briefs from Bank of Finland Institute for Emerging Economies (BOFIT)

Abstract: This policy brief considers the economic dependencies of Finland and the European Union on the United States. We seek to provide an overview of dependencies related to foreign trade, direct investment and finance, excluding closely related topics such as technological dependencies. The US is a long-standing European ally, and economic exchange between the two blocs remains vibrant and broad-based. All lines of analysis in this brief suggest that Finland and the EU as a whole are economically dependent on the US, with the US playing a particularly pronounced role in services trade and financing.

Keywords: United States; Finland; EU; foreign trade; direct investment; foreign affiliates; financial sector; dependence (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:zbw:bofitb:330333

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