Linking HR Practices to Employee Satisfaction in Pakistan: Examining the Roles of Engagement and Employee Ambidexterity

Waheeba Firdous, Syeda fiza Asif, Zaryab Khan, Saniya Sarwar and Danish Ahmed Siddiqui

EconStor Preprints from ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics

Abstract: This study explores the influence of employee development (ED), employee retention (ER), employee engagement (ENG), and employee workplace well-being (EWW) on employee satisfaction (ES) within organizations in Karachi, Pakistan. Grounded in the Conservation of Resources (COR) theory and Ability-Motivation-Opportunity (AMO) theory, the research utilized a structured questionnaire to collect data from 216 respondents. Reliability was established using SPSS, and hypothesis testing was conducted through Structural Equation Modeling with Smart PLS. The results show that H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H6, and H7 were accepted, indicating significant positive effects and mediation/moderation in the respective relationships. Conversely, H8, H9, H10, and H11 were rejected, revealing non-significant moderating effects of exploration and exploitation dexterity in several contexts. The study highlights the need for HR strategies that prioritize development, retention, engagement, and well-being to enhance satisfaction. Future research is encouraged to adopt longitudinal designs and explore industry-specific dynamics to better understand the role of ambidexterity in HR outcomes.

Keywords: HR Practices; Employee Satisfaction; Pakistan; Engagement; Employee Ambidexterit (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2026
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