Global, regional, and national burden of diabetes from 1990 to 2021, with projections of prevalence to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Ong, Kanyin Liane; Stafford, Lauryn K.; McLaughlin, Susan A.; Boyko, Edward J.; Vollset, Stein Emil; Smith, Amanda E.; Dalton, Bronte E.; Duprey, Joe; Cruz, Jessica A.; Hagins, Hailey; Lindstedt, Paulina A.; B., Darshan B.; Babamohamadi, Hassan; Badar, Muhammad; Badawi, Alaa; Badiye, Ashish D.; Baghcheghi, Nayereh; Bagheri, Nasser; Bagherieh, Sara; Bah, Sulaiman; Bahadory, Saeed; Aali, Amirali; Bai, Ruhai; Baig, Atif Amin; Baltatu, Ovidiu Constantin; Baradaran, Hamid Reza; Barchitta, Martina; Bardhan, Mainak; Barengo, Noel C.; Bärnighausen, Till Winfried; Ugliara Barone, Mark Thomaz; Barone-Adesi, Francesco; Abate, Yohannes Habtegiorgis; Barrow, Amadou; Bashiri, Hamideh; Basiru, Afisu; Basu, Sanjay; Basu, Saurav; Batiha, Abdul-Monim Mohammad; Batra, Kavita; Bayih, Mulat Tirfie; Bayileyegn, Nebiyou Simegnew; Behnoush, Amir Hossein; Abate, Melsew Dagne; Bekele, Alehegn Bekele; Belete, Melaku Ashagrie; Belgaumi, Uzma Iqbal; Belo, Luis; Bennett, Derrick A.; Bensenor, Isabela M.; Berhe, Kidanemaryam; Berhie, Alemshet Yirga; Bhaskar, Sonu; Bhat, Ajay Nagesh; Abbasian, Mohammadreza; Bhatti, Jasvinder Singh; Bikbov, Boris; Bilal, Faiq; Bintoro, Bagas Suryo; Bitaraf, Saeid; Bitra, Veera R.; Bjegovic-Mikanovic, Vesna; Bodolica, Virginia; Boloor, Archith; Brauer, Michael; Abbasi-Kangevari, Zeinab; Brazo-Sayavera, Javier; Brenner, Hermann; Butt, Zahid A.; Calina, Daniela; Campos, Luciana Aparecida; Campos-Nonato, Ismael R.; Cao, Yin; Cao, Chao; Car, Josip; Carvalho, Márcia; Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen; Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A.; Catalá-López, Ferrán; Cerin, Ester; Chadwick, Joshua; Chandrasekar, Eeshwar K.; Chanie, Gashaw Sisay; Charan, Jaykaran; Chattu, Vijay Kumar; Chauhan, Kirti; Cheema, Huzaifa Ahmad; Abd ElHafeez, Samar; Chekol Abebe, Endeshaw; Chen, Simiao; Cherbuin, Nicolas; Chichagi, Fatemeh; Chidambaram, Saravana Babu; Cho, William C. S.; Choudhari, Sonali Gajanan; Chowdhury, Rajiv; Chowdhury, Enayet Karim; Chu, Dinh-Toi; Abd-Rabu, Rami; Chukwu, Isaac Sunday; Chung, Sheng-Chia; Coberly, Kaleb; Columbus, Alyssa; Contreras, Daniela; Cousin, Ewerton; Criqui, Michael H.; Cruz-Martins, Natália; Cuschieri, Sarah; Dabo, Bashir; Abdulah, Deldar Morad; Dadras, Omid; Dai, Xiaochen; Damasceno, Albertino Antonio Moura; Dandona, Rakhi; Dandona, Lalit; Das, Saswati; Dascalu, Ana Maria; Dash, Nihar Ranjan; Dashti, Mohsen; Dávila-Cervantes, Claudio Alberto; Abdullah, Abu Yousuf Md.; De la Cruz-Góngora, Vanessa; Debele, Gebiso Roba; Delpasand, Kourosh; Demisse, Fitsum Wolde; Demissie, Getu Debalkie; Deng, Xinlei; Denova-Gutiérrez, Edgar; Deo, Salil V.; Dervišević, Emina; Desai, Hardik Dineshbhai; Abedi, Vida; Desale, Aragaw Tesfaw; Dessie, Anteneh Mengist; Desta, Fikreab; Dewan, Syed Masudur Rahman; Dey, Sourav; Dhama, Kuldeep; Dhimal, Meghnath; Diao, Nancy; Diaz, Daniel; Dinu, Monica; Abidi, Hassan; Diress, Mengistie; Djalalinia, Shirin; Doan, Linh Phuong; Dongarwar, Deepa; dos Santos Figueiredo, Francisco Winter; Duncan, Bruce B.; Dutta, Siddhartha; Dziedzic, Arkadiusz Marian; Edinur, Hisham Atan; Ekholuenetale, Michael; Aboagye, Richard Gyan; Ekundayo, Temitope Cyrus; Elgendy, Islam Y.; Elhadi, Muhammed; El-Huneidi, Waseem; Elmeligy, Omar Abdelsadek Abdou; Elmonem, Mohamed A.; Endeshaw, Destaw; Esayas, Hawi Leul; Eshetu, Habitu Birhan; Etaee, Farshid; Abolhassani, Hassan; Fadhil, Ibtihal; Fagbamigbe, Adeniyi Francis; Fahim, Ayesha; Falahi, Shahab; Faris, MoezAlIslam Ezzat Mahmoud; Farrokhpour, Hossein; Farzadfar, Farshad; Fatehizadeh, Ali; Fazli, Ghazal; Feng, Xiaoqi; Abu-Gharbieh, Eman; Ferede, Tomas Y.; Fischer, Florian; Flood, David; Forouhari, Ali; Foroumadi, Roham; Foroutan Koudehi, Masoumeh; Gaidhane, Abhay Motiramji; Gaihre, Santosh; Gaipov, Abduzhappar; Galali, Yaseen; Abu-Zaid, Ahmed; Ganesan, Balasankar; Garcia-Gordillo, M. A.; Gautam, Rupesh K.; Gebrehiwot, Mesfin; Gebrekidan, Kahsu Gebrekirstos; Gebremeskel, Teferi Gebru; Getacher, Lemma; Ghadirian, Fataneh; Ghamari, Seyyed-Hadi; Ghasemi Nour, Mohammad; Adane, Tigist Demssew; Ghassemi, Fariba; Golechha, Mahaveer; Goleij, Pouya; Golinelli, Davide; Gopalani, Sameer Vali; Guadie, Habtamu Alganeh; Guan, Shi-Yang; Gudayu, Temesgen Worku; Guimarães, Rafael Alves; Guled, Rashid Abdi; Adane, Denberu Eshetie; Gupta, Rajeev; Gupta, Kartik; Gupta, Veer Bala; Gupta, Vivek Kumar; Gyawali, Bishal; Haddadi, Rasool; Hadi, Najah R.; Haile, Teklehaimanot Gereziher; Hajibeygi, Ramtin; Haj-Mirzaian, Arvin; Addo, Isaac Yeboah; Halwani, Rabih; Hamidi, Samer; Hankey, Graeme J.; Hannan, Md. Abdul; Haque, Shafiul; Harandi, Hamid; Harlianto, Netanja I.; Hasan, S. M. Mahmudul; Hasan, Syed Shahzad; Hasani, Hamidreza; Adegboye, Oyelola A.; Hassanipour, Soheil; Hassen, Mohammed Bheser; Haubold, Johannes; Hayat, Khezar; Heidari, Golnaz; Heidari, Mohammad; Hessami, Kamran; Hiraike, Yuta; Holla, Ramesh; Hossain, Sahadat; Adekanmbi, Victor; Hossain, Md. Shakhaoat; Hosseini, Mohammad-Salar; Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi; Hosseinzadeh, Hassan; Huang, Junjie; Huda, Md. Nazmul; Hussain, Salman; Huynh, Hong-Han; Hwang, Bing-Fang; Ibitoye, Segun Emmanuel; Adepoju, Abiola Victor; Ikeda, Nayu; Ilic, Irena M.; Ilic, Milena D.; Inbaraj, Leeberk Raja; Iqbal, Afrin; Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful; Islam, Rakibul M.; Ismail, Nahlah Elkudssiah; Iso, Hiroyasu; Isola, Gaetano; Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah; Itumalla, Ramaiah; Iwagami, Masao; Iwu, Chidozie C. D.; Iyamu, Ihoghosa Osamuyi; Iyasu, Assefa N.; Jacob, Louis; Jafarzadeh, Abdollah; Jahrami, Haitham; Jain, Rajesh; Jaja, Chinwe; Afolabi, Rotimi Felix; Jamalpoor, Zahra; Jamshidi, Elham; Janakiraman, Balamurugan; Jayanna, Krishnamurthy; Jayapal, Sathish Kumar; Jayaram, Shubha; Jayawardena, Ranil; Jebai, Rime; Jeong, Wonjeong; Jin, Yinzi; Agarwal, Gina; Jokar, Mohammad; Jonas, Jost B.; Joseph, Nitin; Joseph, Abel; Joshua, Charity Ehimwenma; Joukar, Farahnaz; Jozwiak, Jacek Jerzy; Kaambwa, Billingsley; Kabir, Ali; Kabthymer, Robel Hussen; Aghdam, Zahra Babaei; Kadashetti, Vidya; Kahe, Farima; Kalhor, Rohollah; Kandel, Himal; Karanth, Shama D.; Karaye, Ibraheem M.; Karkhah, Samad; Katoto, Patrick D. M. C.; Kaur, Navjot; Kazemian, Sina; Agudelo-Botero, Marcela; Kebede, Sewnet Adem; Khader, Yousef Saleh; Khajuria, Himanshu; Khalaji, Amirmohammad; Khan, Moien A. B.; Khan, Maseer; Khan, Ajmal; Khanal, Saval; Khatatbeh, Moawiah Mohammad; Khater, Amir M.; Aguilera Arriagada, Constanza Elizabeth; Khateri, Sorour; Khorashadizadeh, Fatemeh; Khubchandani, Jagdish; Kibret, Biruk Getahun; Kim, Min Seo; Kimokoti, Ruth W.; Kisa, Adnan; Kivimäki, Mika; Kolahi, Ali-Asghar; Komaki, Somayeh; Agyemang-Duah, Williams; Kompani, Farzad; Koohestani, Hamid Reza; Korzh, Oleksii; Kostev, Karel; Kothari, Nikhil; Koyanagi, Ai; Krishan, Kewal; Krishnamoorthy, Yuvaraj; Kuate Defo, Barthelemy; Kuddus, Mohammed; Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku; Kuddus, Md. Abdul; Kumar, Rakesh; Kumar, Harish; Kundu, Satyajit; Kurniasari, Maria Dyah; Kuttikkattu, Ambily; La Vecchia, Carlo; Lallukka, Tea; Larijani, Bagher; Larsson, Anders O.; Ahmad, Danish; Latief, Kamaluddin; Lawal, Basira Kankia; Le, Thao Thi Thu; Le, Trang Thi Bich; Lee, Shaun Wen Huey; Lee, Munjae; Lee, Wei-Chen; Lee, Paul H; Lee, Sang-woong; Lee, Seung Won; Ahmad, Rizwan; Legesse, Samson Mideksa; Lenzi, Jacopo; Li, Yongze; Li, Ming-Chieh; Lim, Stephen S.; Lim, Lee-Ling; Liu, Xuefeng; Liu, Chaojie; Lo, Chun-Han; Lopes, Graciliana; Ahmad, Sajjad; Lorkowski, Stefan; Lozano, Rafael; Lucchetti, Giancarlo; Maghazachi, Azzam A.; Mahasha, Phetole Walter; Mahjoub, Soleiman; Mahmoud, Mansour Adam; Mahmoudi, Razzagh; Mahmoudimanesh, Marzieh; Mai, Anh Tuan; Ahmad, Aqeel; Majeed, Azeem; Majma Sanaye, Pantea; Makris, Konstantinos Christos; Malhotra, Kashish; Malik, Ahmad Azam; Malik, Iram; Mallhi, Tauqeer Hussain; Malta, Deborah Carvalho; Mamun, Abdullah A.; Mansouri, Borhan; Ahmadi, Ali; Marateb, Hamid Reza; Mardi, Parham; Martini, Santi; Martorell, Miquel; Marzo, Roy Rillera; Masoudi, Reza; Masoudi, Sahar; Mathews, Elezebeth; Maugeri, Andrea; Mazzaglia, Giampiero; Ahmadi, Keivan; Mekonnen, Teferi; Meshkat, Mahboobeh; Mestrovic, Tomislav; Miao Jonasson, Junmei; Miazgowski, Tomasz; Michalek, Irmina Maria; Minh, Le Huu Nhat; Mini, G. K.; Miranda, J. Jaime; Mirfakhraie, Reza; Ahmed, Ayman; Mirrakhimov, Erkin M.; Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari, Mohammad; Misganaw, Awoke; Misgina, Kebede Haile; Mishra, Manish; Moazen, Babak; Mohamed, Nouh Saad; Mohammadi, Esmaeil; Mohammadi, Mohsen; Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Abdollah; Ahmed, Ali; Mohammadshahi, Marita; Mohseni, Alireza; Mojiri-forushani, Hoda; Mokdad, Ali H.; Momtazmanesh, Sara; Monasta, Lorenzo; Moniruzzaman, Md.; Mons, Ute; Montazeri, Fateme; Moodi Ghalibaf, AmirAli; Ahmed, Luai A.; Moradi, Yousef; Moradi, Maryam; Moradi Sarabi, Mostafa; Morovatdar, Negar; Morrison, Shane Douglas; Morze, Jakub; Mossialos, Elias; Mostafavi, Ebrahim; Mueller, Ulrich Otto; Mulita, Francesk; Ahmed, Syed Anees; Mulita, Admir; Murillo-Zamora, Efrén; Musa, Kamarul Imran; Mwita, Julius C.; Nagaraju, Shankar Prasad; Naghavi, Mohsen; Nainu, Firzan; Nair, Tapas Sadasivan; Najmuldeen, Hastyar Hama Rashid; Nangia, Vinay; Ajami, Marjan; Nargus, Shumaila; Naser, Abdallah Y.; Nassereldine, Hasan; Natto, Zuhair S.; Nauman, Javaid; Nayak, Biswa Prakash; Ndejjo, Rawlance; Negash, Hadush; Negoi, Ruxandra Irina; Nguyen, Hau Thi Hien; Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola; Nguyen, Dang H.; Nguyen, Phat Tuan; Nguyen, Van Thanh; Nguyen, Hien Quang; Niazi, Robina Khan; Nigatu, Yeshambel T.; Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini; Nizam, Muhammad A.; Nnyanzi, Lawrence Achilles; Noreen, Mamoona; Al Hamad, Hanadi; Noubiap, Jean Jacques; Nzoputam, Ogochukwu Janet; Nzoputam, Chimezie Igwegbe; Oancea, Bogdan; Odogwu, Nkechi Martina; Odukoya, Oluwakemi Ololade; Ojha, Vivek Anand; Okati-Aliabad, Hassan; Okekunle, Akinkunmi Paul; Okonji, Osaretin Christabel; Al Hasan, Syed Mahfuz; Okwute, Patrick Godwin; Olufadewa, Isaac Iyinoluwa; Onwujekwe, Obinna E.; Ordak, Michal; Ortiz, Alberto; Osuagwu, Uchechukwu Levi; Oulhaj, Abderrahim; Owolabi, Mayowa O.; Padron-Monedero, Alicia; Padubidri, Jagadish Rao; AL-Ahdal, Tareq Mohammed Ali; Palladino, Raffaele; Panagiotakos, Demosthenes; Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra; Pandey, Ashok; Pandey, Anamika; Pandi-Perumal, Seithikurippu R.; Pantea Stoian, Anca Mihaela; Pardhan, Shahina; Parekh, Tarang; Parekh, Utsav; Alalwan, Tariq A.; Pasovic, Maja; Patel, Jay; Patel, Jenil R; Paudel, Uttam; Pepito, Veincent Christian Filipino; Pereira, Marcos; Perico, Norberto; Perna, Simone; Petcu, Ionela-Roxana; Petermann-Rocha, Fanny Emily; Al-Aly, Ziyad; Podder, Vivek; Postma, Maarten J.; Pourali, Ghazaleh; Pourtaheri, Naeimeh; Prates, Elton Junio Sady; Qadir, Mirza Muhammad Fahd; Qattea, Ibrahim; Raee, Pourya; Rafique, Ibrar; Rahimi, Mehran; AlBataineh, Mohammad T.; Rahimifard, Mahban; Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa; Rahman, Md. Obaidur; Rahman, Muhammad Aziz; Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur; Rahman, Mosiur; Rahman, Md. Mosfequr; Rahmani, Mohamed; Rahmani, Shayan; Rahmanian, Vahid; Alcalde-Rabanal, Jacqueline Elizabeth; Rahmawaty, Setyaningrum; Rahnavard, Niloufar; Rajbhandari, Bibek; Ram, Pradhum; Ramazanu, Sheena; Rana, Juwel; Rancic, Nemanja; Ranjha, Muhammad Modassar Ali Nawaz; Rao, Chythra R.; Rapaka, Deepthi; Alemi, Sharifullah; Rasali, Drona Prakash; Rashedi, Sina; Rashedi, Vahid; Rashid, Ahmed Mustafa; Rashidi, Mohammad-Mahdi; Ratan, Zubair Ahmed; Rawaf, Salman; Rawal, Lal; Redwan, Elrashdy Moustafa Mohamed; Remuzzi, Giuseppe; Ali, Hassam; Rengasamy, Kannan R. R.; Renzaho, Andre M. N.; Reyes, Luis Felipe; Rezaei, Nima; Rezaei, Nazila; Rezaeian, Mohsen; Rezazadeh, Hossein; Riahi, Seyed Mohammad; Rias, Yohanes Andy; Riaz, Muhammad; Alinia, Tahereh; Ribeiro, Daniela; Rodrigues, Mónica; Rodriguez, Jefferson Antonio Buendia; Roever, Leonardo; Rohloff, Peter; Roshandel, Gholamreza; Roustazadeh, Abazar; Rwegerera, Godfrey M.; Saad, Aly M. A.; Saber-Ayad, Maha Mohamed; Aljunid, Syed Mohamed; Sabour, Siamak; Sabzmakan, Leila; Saddik, Basema; Sadeghi, Erfan; Saeed, Umar; Saeedi Moghaddam, Sahar; Safi, Sare; Safi, Sher Zaman; Saghazadeh, Amene; Saheb Sharif-Askari, Narjes; Almustanyir, Sami; Saheb Sharif-Askari, Fatemeh; Sahebkar, Amirhossein; Sahoo, Soumya Swaroop; Sahoo, Harihar; Saif-Ur-Rahman, K. M.; Sajid, Mirza Rizwan; Salahi, Sarvenaz; Salahi, Saina; Saleh, Mohamed A.; Salehi, Mohammad Amin; Al-Raddadi, Rajaa M.; Salomon, Joshua A.; Sanabria, Juan; Sanjeev, Rama Krishna; Sanmarchi, Francesco; Santric-Milicevic, Milena M.; Sarasmita, Made Ary; Sargazi, Saman; Sathian, Brijesh; Sathish, Thirunavukkarasu; Sawhney, Monika; Alvis-Guzman, Nelson; Schlaich, Markus P.; Schmidt, Maria Inês; Schuermans, Art; Seidu, Abdul-Aziz; Senthil Kumar, Nachimuthu; Sepanlou, Sadaf G.; Sethi, Yashendra; Seylani, Allen; Shabany, Maryam; Shafaghat, Tahereh; Amare, Firehiwot; Shafeghat, Melika; Shafie, Mahan; Shah, Nilay S.; Shahid, Samiah; Shaikh, Masood Ali; Shanawaz, Mohd; Shannawaz, Mohammed; Sharfaei, Sadaf; Shashamo, Bereket Beyene; Shiri, Rahman; Ameyaw, Edward Kwabena; Shittu, Aminu; Shivakumar, K. M.; Shivalli, Siddharudha; Shobeiri, Parnian; Shokri, Fereshteh; Shuval, Kerem; Sibhat, Migbar Mekonnen; Silva, Luís Manuel Lopes Rodrigues; Simpson, Colin R.; Singh, Jasvinder A.; Amiri, Sohrab; Singh, Paramdeep; Singh, Surjit; Siraj, Md Shahjahan; Skryabina, Anna Aleksandrovna; Sohag, Abdullah Al Mamun; Soleimani, Hamidreza; Solikhah, Solikhah; Soltani-Zangbar, Mohammad Sadegh; Somayaji, Ranjani; Sorensen, Reed J. D.; Amusa, Ganiyu Adeniyi; Starodubova, Antonina V.; Sujata, Sujata; Suleman, Muhammad; Sun, Jing; Sundström, Johan; Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael; Tabatabaei, Seyyed Mohammad; Tabatabaeizadeh, Seyed-Amir; Tabish, Mohammad; Taheri, Majid; Andrei, Catalina Liliana; Taheri, Ensiyeh; Taki, Elahe; Tamuzi, Jacques J. L. Lukenze; Tan, Ker-Kan; Tat, Nathan Y.; Taye, Birhan Tsegaw; Temesgen, Worku Animaw; Temsah, Mohamad-Hani; Tesler, Riki; Thangaraju, Pugazhenthan; Anjana, Ranjit Mohan; Thankappan, Kavumpurathu Raman; Thapa, Rajshree; Tharwat, Samar; Thomas, Nihal; Ticoalu, Jansje Henny Vera; Tiyuri, Amir; Tonelli, Marcello; Tovani-Palone, Marcos Roberto; Trico, Domenico; Trihandini, Indang; Ansar, Adnan; Tripathy, Jaya Prasad; Tromans, Samuel Joseph; Tsegay, Guesh Mebrahtom; Tualeka, Abdul Rohim; Tufa, Derara Girma; Tyrovolas, Stefanos; Ullah, Sana; Upadhyay, Era; Vahabi, Seyed Mohammad; Vaithinathan, Asokan Govindaraj; Ansari, Golnoosh; Valizadeh, Rohollah; van Daalen, Kim Robin; Vart, Priya; Varthya, Shoban Babu; Vasankari, Tommi Juhani; Vaziri, Siavash; Verma, Madhur verma; Verras, Georgios-Ioannis; Vo, Danh Cao; Wagaye, Birhanu; Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza; Waheed, Yasir; Wang, Ziyue; Wang, Yanqing; Wang, Cong; Wang, Fang; Wassie, Gizachew Tadesse; Wei, Melissa Y. Wei; Weldemariam, Abrha Hailay; Westerman, Ronny; Wickramasinghe, Nuwan Darshana; Anyasodor, Anayochukwu Edward; Wu, YiFan; Wulandari, Ratna D. W. I.; Xia, Juan; Xiao, Hong; Xu, Suowen; Xu, Xiaoyue; Yada, Dereje; Yang, Lin; Yatsuya, Hiroshi; Yesiltepe, Metin; Arabloo, Jalal; Yi, Siyan; Yohannis, Hunachew Kibret; Yonemoto, Naohiro; You, Yuyi; Zaman, Sojib Bin; Zamora, Nelson; Zare, Iman; Zarea, Kourosh; Zarrintan, Armin; Zastrozhin, Mikhail Sergeevich; Aravkin, Aleksandr Y.; Zeru, Naod Gebrekrstos; Zhang, Zhi-Jiang; Zhong, Chenwen; Zhou, Jingjing; Zielińska, Magdalena; Zikarg, Yossef Teshome; Zodpey, Sanjay; Zoladl, Mohammad; Zou, Zhiyong; Zumla, Alimuddin; Areda, Demelash; Zuniga, Yves Miel H.; Magliano, Dianna J.; Murray, Christopher J. L.; Hay, Simon I.; Vos, Theo; Arifin, Hidayat; Arkew, Mesay; Armocida, Benedetta; Ärnlöv, Johan; Artamonov, Anton A.; Arulappan, Judie; Aruleba, Raphael Taiwo; Arumugam, Ashokan; Aryan, Zahra; Asemu, Mulu Tiruneh; Asghari-Jafarabadi, Mohammad; Askari, Elaheh; Asmelash, Daniel; Astell-Burt, Thomas; Athar, Mohammad; Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin; Atout, Maha Moh'd Wahbi; Avila-Burgos, Leticia; Awaisu, Ahmed; Azadnajafabad, Sina

Global, regional, and national burden of diabetes from 1990 to 2021, with projections of prevalence to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Kanyin Liane Ong, Lauryn K. Stafford, Susan A. McLaughlin, Edward J. Boyko, Stein Emil Vollset, Amanda E. Smith, Bronte E. Dalton, Joe Duprey, Jessica A. Cruz, Hailey Hagins, Paulina A. Lindstedt, Darshan B. B., Hassan Babamohamadi, Muhammad Badar, Alaa Badawi, Ashish D. Badiye, Nayereh Baghcheghi, Nasser Bagheri, Sara Bagherieh, Sulaiman Bah, Saeed Bahadory, Amirali Aali, Ruhai Bai, Atif Amin Baig, Ovidiu Constantin Baltatu, Hamid Reza Baradaran, Martina Barchitta, Mainak Bardhan, Noel C. Barengo, Till Winfried Bärnighausen, Mark Thomaz Ugliara Barone, Francesco Barone-Adesi, Yohannes Habtegiorgis Abate, Amadou Barrow, Hamideh Bashiri, Afisu Basiru, Sanjay Basu, Saurav Basu, Abdul-Monim Mohammad Batiha, Kavita Batra, Mulat Tirfie Bayih, Nebiyou Simegnew Bayileyegn, Amir Hossein Behnoush, Melsew Dagne Abate, Alehegn Bekele Bekele, Melaku Ashagrie Belete, Uzma Iqbal Belgaumi, Luis Belo, Derrick A. Bennett, Isabela M. Bensenor, Kidanemaryam Berhe, Alemshet Yirga Berhie, Sonu Bhaskar, Ajay Nagesh Bhat, Mohammadreza Abbasian, Jasvinder Singh Bhatti, Boris Bikbov, Faiq Bilal, Bagas Suryo Bintoro, Saeid Bitaraf, Veera R. Bitra, Vesna Bjegovic-Mikanovic, Virginia Bodolica, Archith Boloor, Michael Brauer, Zeinab Abbasi-Kangevari, Javier Brazo-Sayavera, Hermann Brenner, Zahid A. Butt, Daniela Calina, Luciana Aparecida Campos, Ismael R. Campos-Nonato, Yin Cao, Chao Cao, Josip Car, Márcia Carvalho, Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari, Carlos A. Castañeda-Orjuela, Ferrán Catalá-López, Ester Cerin, Joshua Chadwick, Eeshwar K. Chandrasekar, Gashaw Sisay Chanie, Jaykaran Charan, Vijay Kumar Chattu, Kirti Chauhan, Huzaifa Ahmad Cheema, Samar Abd ElHafeez, Endeshaw Chekol Abebe, Simiao Chen, Nicolas Cherbuin, Fatemeh Chichagi, Saravana Babu Chidambaram, William C. S. Cho, Sonali Gajanan Choudhari, Rajiv Chowdhury, Enayet Karim Chowdhury, Dinh-Toi Chu, Rami Abd-Rabu, Isaac Sunday Chukwu, Sheng-Chia Chung, Kaleb Coberly, Alyssa Columbus, Daniela Contreras, Ewerton Cousin, Michael H. Criqui, Natália Cruz-Martins, Sarah Cuschieri, Bashir Dabo, Deldar Morad Abdulah, Omid Dadras, Xiaochen Dai, Albertino Antonio Moura Damasceno, Rakhi Dandona, Lalit Dandona, Saswati Das, Ana Maria Dascalu, Nihar Ranjan Dash, Mohsen Dashti, Claudio Alberto Dávila-Cervantes, Abu Yousuf Md. Abdullah, Vanessa De la Cruz-Góngora, Gebiso Roba Debele, Kourosh Delpasand, Fitsum Wolde Demisse, Getu Debalkie Demissie, Xinlei Deng, Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez, Salil V. Deo, Emina Dervišević, Hardik Dineshbhai Desai, Vida Abedi, Aragaw Tesfaw Desale, Anteneh Mengist Dessie, Fikreab Desta, Syed Masudur Rahman Dewan, Sourav Dey, Kuldeep Dhama, Meghnath Dhimal, Nancy Diao, Daniel Diaz, Monica Dinu, Hassan Abidi, Mengistie Diress, Shirin Djalalinia, Linh Phuong Doan, Deepa Dongarwar, Francisco Winter dos Santos Figueiredo, Bruce B. Duncan, Siddhartha Dutta, Arkadiusz Marian Dziedzic, Hisham Atan Edinur, Michael Ekholuenetale, Richard Gyan Aboagye, Temitope Cyrus Ekundayo, Islam Y. Elgendy, Muhammed Elhadi, Waseem El-Huneidi, Omar Abdelsadek Abdou Elmeligy, Mohamed A. Elmonem, Destaw Endeshaw, Hawi Leul Esayas, Habitu Birhan Eshetu, Farshid Etaee, Hassan Abolhassani, Ibtihal Fadhil, Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe, Ayesha Fahim, Shahab Falahi, MoezAlIslam Ezzat Mahmoud Faris, Hossein Farrokhpour, Farshad Farzadfar, Ali Fatehizadeh, Ghazal Fazli, Xiaoqi Feng, Eman Abu-Gharbieh, Tomas Y. 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Artamonov, Judie Arulappan, Raphael Taiwo Aruleba, Ashokan Arumugam, Zahra Aryan, Mulu Tiruneh Asemu, Mohammad Asghari-Jafarabadi, Elaheh Askari, Daniel Asmelash, Thomas Astell-Burt, Mohammad Athar, Seyyed Shamsadin Athari, Maha Moh'd Wahbi Atout, Leticia Avila-Burgos, Ahmed Awaisu and Sina Azadnajafabad

Open Access Publications from Kiel Institute for the World Economy from Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel)

Abstract: Diabetes is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide, and affects people regardless of country, age group, or sex. Using the most recent evidentiary and analytical framework from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD), we produced location-specific, age-specific, and sex-specific estimates of diabetes prevalence and burden from 1990 to 2021, the proportion of type 1 and type 2 diabetes in 2021, the proportion of the type 2 diabetes burden attributable to selected risk factors, and projections of diabetes prevalence through 2050.

Date: 2023
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:zbw:ifwkie:287733

DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(23)01301-6

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