Details about Steven Levitt

Access statistics for papers by Steven Levitt.

Last updated 2011-07-19. Update your information in the RePEc Author Service.

Short-id: ple59

Working Papers

2012

1. Enhancing the Efficacy of Teacher Incentives through Loss Aversion: A Field Experiment
   NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (2)
2. The Behavioralist Goes to School: Leveraging Behavioral Economics to Improve Educational Performance
   NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (1)
3. Toward an Understanding of Learning by Doing: Evidence from an Automobile Assembly Plant
   NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc

2011

4. The Role of Skill Versus Luck in Poker: Evidence from the World Series of Poker
   NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc

2010

5. The Plight of Mixed Race Adolescents
   MPRA Paper, University Library of Munich, Germany
   Also in NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc (2008) View citations (3)

2009

6. An Empirical Analysis of the Gender Gap in Mathematics
   NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (7)
   See also Journal Article in American Economic Journal: Applied Economics (2010)
7. Checkmate: Exploring Backward Induction Among Chess Players
   NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (4)
   See also Journal Article in American Economic Review (2011)
8. Professionals Do Not Play Minimax: Evidence from Major League Baseball and the National Football League
   NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (1)
9. Was there Really a Hawthorne Effect at the Hawthorne Plant? An Analysis of the Original Illumination Experiments
   NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (10)
   See also Journal Article in American Economic Journal: Applied Economics (2011)
10. What Happens in the Field Stays in the Field: Exploring Whether Professionals Play Minimax in Laboratory Experiments
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (2)
    See also Journal Article in Econometrica (2010)

2008

11. Field Experiments in Economics: The Past, The Present, and The Future
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (5)
    See also Journal Article in European Economic Review (2009)

2007

12. Hatred and Profits: Getting Under the Hood of the Ku Klux Klan
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc

2006

13. An Economist Sells Bagels: A Case Study in Profit Maximization
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (4)
14. Evaluating the Effectiveness of Child Safety Seats and Seat Belts in Protecting Children from Injury
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc
    See also Journal Article in Economic Inquiry (2010)
15. Measurement Error, Legalized Abortion, and the Decline in Crime: A Response to Foote and Goetz (2005)
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (1)
16. Testing for Racial Differences in the Mental Ability of Young Children
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (1)

2005

17. Evidence that Seat Belts are as Effective as Child Safety Seats in Preventing Death for Children Aged Two and Up
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (1)
    See also Journal Article in The Review of Economics and Statistics (2008)
18. Market Distortions when Agents are Better Informed: The Value of Information in Real Estate Transactions
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (13)
    See also Journal Article in The Review of Economics and Statistics (2008)
19. Measuring the Impact of Crack Cocaine
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (22)
20. The Black-White Test Score Gap Through Third Grade
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (22)
    See also Journal Article in American Law and Economics Review (2006)

2003

21. Catching Cheating Teachers: The Results of an Unusual Experiment in Implementing Theory
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (3)
22. Further Evidence that Legalized Abortion Lowered Crime: A Reply to Joyce
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (16)
    See also Journal Article in Journal of Human Resources (2004)
23. How Do Markets Function? An Empirical Analysis of Gambling on the National Football League
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (1)
24. Rotten Apples: An Investigation of the Prevalence and Predictors of Teacher Cheating
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (61)
    See also Journal Article in The Quarterly Journal of Economics (2003)
25. Testing Theories of Discrimination: Evidence from "Weakest Link"
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (6)
    See also Journal Article in Journal of Law and Economics (2004)
26. The Causes and Consequences of Distinctively Black Names
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (9)
    See also Journal Article in The Quarterly Journal of Economics (2004)
27. The Effect of School Choice on Student Outcomes: Evidence from Randomized Lotteries
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (38)

2002

28. Understanding the Black-White Test Score Gap in the First Two Years of School
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (18)
    See also Journal Article in The Review of Economics and Statistics (2004)

2001

29. An Empirical Analysis of Imprisoning Drug Offenders
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (5)
    See also Journal Article in Journal of Public Economics (2004)

2000

30. Crimen en Colombia: análisis y sugerencias de política
    INFORMES DE INVESTIGACIÓN, FEDESARROLLO View citations (1)
31. The Impact of Legalized Abortion on Crime
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (12)
    See also Journal Article in The Quarterly Journal of Economics (2001)
32. The Impact of School Choice on Student Outcomes: An Analysis of the Chicago Public Schools
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (21)
    See also Journal Article in Journal of Public Economics (2005)
33. Understanding Crime in Colombia and What Can Be Done About It
    WORKING PAPERS SERIES. DOCUMENTOS DE TRABAJO, FEDESARROLLO View citations (11)
34. Winning Isn't Everything: Corruption in Sumo Wrestling
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (7)
    See also Journal Article in American Economic Review (2002)

1999

35. Estimating the Effect of Alcohol on Driver Risk Using Only Fatal Accident Statistics
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (7)
36. Legalized Abortion and Crime
    JCPR Working Papers, Northwestern University/University of Chicago Joint Center for Poverty Research View citations (11)
37. Sample Selection in the Estimation of Air Bag and Seat Belt Effectiveness
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (2)
    See also Journal Article in The Review of Economics and Statistics (2001)

1998

38. An Economic Analysis of a Drug-Selling Gang's Finances
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (2)
    See also Journal Article in The Quarterly Journal of Economics (2000)
39. The Impact of Race on Policing, Arrest Patterns, and Crime
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (9)
40. Using Sentence Enhancements to Distinguish between Deterrence and Incapacitation
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc
    See also Journal Article in Journal of Law and Economics (1999)

1997

41. Juvenile Crime and Punishment
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (11)
    See also Journal Article in Journal of Political Economy (1998)
42. Measuring Positive Externalities from Unobservable Victim Precaution: An Empirical Analysis of Lojack
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (3)
    See also Journal Article in The Quarterly Journal of Economics (1998)

1996

43. Crime, Urban Flight, and the Consequences for Cities
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (5)
    See also Journal Article in The Review of Economics and Statistics (1999)

1995

44. The Effect of Prison Population Size on Crime Rates: Evidence From Prison Overcrowding Litigation
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (8)
    See also Journal Article in The Quarterly Journal of Economics (1996)
45. The Impact of Federal Spending on House Election Outcomes
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (4)
    See also Journal Article in Journal of Political Economy (1997)
46. Using Electoral Cycles in Police Hiring to Estimate the Effect of Policeon Crime
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (4)
    See also Journal Article in American Economic Review (1997)
47. Why Do Increased Arrest Rates Appear to Reduce Crime: Deterrence, Incapacitation, or Measurement Error?
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (1)
    See also Journal Article in Economic Inquiry (1998)

1994

48. Congressional Distributive Politics and State Economic Performance
    NBER Working Papers, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc View citations (4)
    See also Journal Article in Public Choice (1999)

Journal Articles

2011

1. Checkmate: Exploring Backward Induction among Chess Players
   American Economic Review, 2011, 101, (2), 975-90 View citations (2)
   See also Working Paper (2009)
2. Predicting and Preventing Shootings among At-Risk Youth
   American Economic Review, 2011, 101, (3), 288-92
3. Was There Really a Hawthorne Effect at the Hawthorne Plant? An Analysis of the Original Illumination Experiments
   American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 2011, 3, (1), 224-38
   See also Working Paper (2009)

2010

4. An Empirical Analysis of the Gender Gap in Mathematics
   American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 2010, 2, (2), 210-40 View citations (11)
   See also Working Paper (2009)
5. EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF CHILD SAFETY SEATS AND SEAT BELTS IN PROTECTING CHILDREN FROM INJURY
   Economic Inquiry, 2010, 48, (3), 521-536
   See also Working Paper (2006)
6. What Happens in the Field Stays in the Field: Exploring Whether Professionals Play Minimax in Laboratory Experiments
   Econometrica, 2010, 78, (4), 1413-1434 View citations (3)
   See also Working Paper (2009)

2009

7. Field experiments in economics: The past, the present, and the future
   European Economic Review, 2009, 53, (1), 1-18 View citations (6)
   See also Working Paper (2008)
8. The Impact of Legalized Abortion on Teen Childbearing
   American Law and Economics Review, 2009, 11, (1), 24-46

2008

9. Evidence that Seat Belts Are as Effective as Child Safety Seats in Preventing Death for Children Aged Two and Up
   The Review of Economics and Statistics, 2008, 90, (1), 158-163
   See also Working Paper (2005)
10. Exploring the Impact of Financial Incentives on Stereotype Threat: Evidence from a Pilot Study
    American Economic Review, 2008, 98, (2), 370-75 View citations (3)
11. Market Distortions When Agents Are Better Informed: The Value of Information in Real Estate Transactions
    The Review of Economics and Statistics, 2008, 90, (4), 599-611 View citations (13)
    See also Working Paper (2005)
12. Measurement Error, Legalized Abortion, and the Decline in Crime: A Response to Foote and Goetz
    The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2008, 123, (1), 425-440 View citations (9)

2007

13. Testing the Efficiency of Markets in the 2002 World Cup
    Journal of Prediction Markets, 2007, 1, (3), 255-270 View citations (1)
14. Viewpoint: On the generalizability of lab behaviour to the field
    Canadian Journal of Economics, 2007, 40, (2), 347-370 View citations (16)
15. What Do Laboratory Experiments Measuring Social Preferences Reveal About the Real World?
    Journal of Economic Perspectives, 2007, 21, (2), 153-174 View citations (232)
16. What Does Performance in Graduate School Predict? Graduate Economics Education and Student Outcomes
    American Economic Review, 2007, 97, (2), 512-520 View citations (4)

2006

17. The Black-White Test Score Gap Through Third Grade
    American Law and Economics Review, 2006, 8, (2), 249-281 View citations (6)
    See also Working Paper (2005)
18. The Effect of School Choice on Participants: Evidence from Randomized Lotteries
    Econometrica, 2006, 74, (5), 1191-1230 View citations (21)
19. White-Collar Crime Writ Small: A Case Study of Bagels, Donuts, and the Honor System
    American Economic Review, 2006, 96, (2), 290-294 View citations (6)

2005

20. The impact of school choice on student outcomes: an analysis of the Chicago Public Schools
    Journal of Public Economics, 2005, 89, (5-6), 729-760 View citations (26)
    See also Working Paper (2000)

2004

21. An empirical analysis of imprisoning drug offenders
    Journal of Public Economics, 2004, 88, (9-10), 2043-2066 View citations (7)
    See also Working Paper (2001)
22. Further Evidence that Legalized Abortion Lowered Crime: A Reply to Joyce
    Journal of Human Resources, 2004, 39, (1) View citations (20)
    See also Working Paper (2003)
23. Testing Theories of Discrimination: Evidence from Weakest Link
    Journal of Law and Economics, 2004, 47, (2), 431-52 View citations (33)
    See also Working Paper (2003)
24. The Causes and Consequences of Distinctively Black Names
    The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2004, 119, (3), 767-805 View citations (52)
    See also Working Paper (2003)
25. Understanding Why Crime Fell in the 1990s: Four Factors that Explain the Decline and Six that Do Not
    Journal of Economic Perspectives, 2004, 18, (1), 163-190 View citations (40)
26. Understanding the Black-White Test Score Gap in the First Two Years of School
    The Review of Economics and Statistics, 2004, 86, (2), 447-464 View citations (62)
    See also Working Paper (2002)
27. Why are gambling markets organised so differently from financial markets?
    Economic Journal, 2004, 114, (495), 223-246 View citations (17)

2003

28. An Examination of the Influence of Theory and Individual Theorists on Empirical Research in Microeconomics
    American Economic Review, 2003, 93, (2), 151-155 View citations (1)
29. Prison Conditions, Capital Punishment, and Deterrence
    American Law and Economics Review, 2003, 5, (2), 318-343 View citations (18)
30. Review of Drug War Heresies by MacCoun and Reuter
    Journal of Economic Literature, 2003, 41, (2), 540-544 View citations (1)
31. Rotten Apples: An Investigation Of The Prevalence And Predictors Of Teacher Cheating
    The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2003, 118, (3), 843-877 View citations (66)
    See also Working Paper (2003)

2002

32. Testing Mixed-Strategy Equilibria When Players Are Heterogeneous: The Case of Penalty Kicks in Soccer
    American Economic Review, 2002, 92, (4), 1138-1151 View citations (40)
33. Testing the Economic Model of Crime:The National Hockey League's Two-Referee Experiment
    The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy, 2002, contributions.1, (1), 2
34. Using Electoral Cycles in Police Hiring to Estimate the Effects of Police on Crime: Reply
    American Economic Review, 2002, 92, (4), 1244-1250 View citations (39)
35. Winning Isn't Everything: Corruption in Sumo Wrestling
    American Economic Review, 2002, 92, (5), 1594-1605 View citations (41)
    See also Working Paper (2000)

2001

36. Growing Up in the Projects: The Economic Lives of a Cohort of Men Who Came of Age in Chicago Public Housing
    American Economic Review, 2001, 91, (2), 79-84 View citations (1)
37. How Dangerous Are Drinking Drivers?
    Journal of Political Economy, 2001, 109, (6), 1198-1237 View citations (18)
38. Sample Selection In The Estimation Of Air Bag And Seat Belt Effectiveness
    The Review of Economics and Statistics, 2001, 83, (4), 603-615 View citations (7)
    See also Working Paper (1999)
39. The Impact Of Legalized Abortion On Crime
    The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2001, 116, (2), 379-420 View citations (85)
    See also Working Paper (2000)
40. The Impact of Race on Policing and Arrests
    Journal of Law and Economics, 2001, 44, (2), 367-94 View citations (22)

2000

41. An Economic Analysis Of A Drug-Selling Gang'S Finances
    The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2000, 115, (3), 755-789 View citations (32)
    See also Working Paper (1998)

1999

42. Congressional Distributive Politics and State Economic Performance
    Public Choice, 1999, 99, (1-2), 185-216 View citations (19)
    See also Working Paper (1994)
43. Crime, Urban Flight, And The Consequences For Cities
    The Review of Economics and Statistics, 1999, 81, (2), 159-169 View citations (65)
    See also Working Paper (1996)
44. The changing relationship between income and crime victimization
    Economic Policy Review, 1999, (Sep), 87-98 View citations (12)
45. Using Sentence Enhancements to Distinguish between Deterrence and Incapacitation
    Journal of Law and Economics, 1999, 42, (1), 343-63 View citations (34)
    See also Working Paper (1998)

1998

46. Are PACs Trying to Influence Politicians or Voters?
    Economics and Politics, 1998, 10, (1), 19-35 View citations (4)
47. Guns, Violence, and the Efficiency of Illegal Markets
    American Economic Review, 1998, 88, (2), 463-67 View citations (12)
48. Juvenile Crime and Punishment
    Journal of Political Economy, 1998, 106, (6), 1156-1185 View citations (67)
    See also Working Paper (1997)
49. Measuring Positive Externalities From Unobservable Victim Precaution: An Empirical Analysis Of Lojack
    The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 1998, 113, (1), 43-77 View citations (39)
    See also Working Paper (1997)
50. The Hazards of Moral Hazard: Comment on Goff, Shughart, and Tollison
    Economic Inquiry, 1998, 36, (4), 685-87 View citations (1)
51. Why Do Increased Arrest Rates Appear to Reduce Crime: Deterrence, Incapacitation, or Measurement Error?
    Economic Inquiry, 1998, 36, (3), 353-72 View citations (45)
    See also Working Paper (1995)

1997

52. Incentive compatibility constraints as an explanation for the use of prison sentences instead of fines
    International Review of Law and Economics, 1997, 17, (2), 179-192 View citations (17)
53. Is No. News Bad News? Information Transmission and the Role of "Early Warning" in the Principal-Agent Model
    RAND Journal of Economics, 1997, 28, (4), 641-661 View citations (20)
54. The Impact of Federal Spending on House Election Outcomes
    Journal of Political Economy, 1997, 105, (1), 30-53 View citations (53)
    See also Working Paper (1995)
55. Using Electoral Cycles in Police Hiring to Estimate the Effect of Police on Crime
    American Economic Review, 1997, 87, (3), 270-90 View citations (185)
    See also Working Paper (1995)

1996

56. How Do Senators Vote? Disentangling the Role of Voter Preferences, Party Affiliation, and Senate Ideology
    American Economic Review, 1996, 86, (3), 425-41 View citations (26)
57. The Effect of Prison Population Size on Crime Rates: Evidence from Prison Overcrowding Litigation
    The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 1996, 111, (2), 319-51 View citations (77)
    See also Working Paper (1995)

1995

58. Optimal Incentive Schemes When Only the Agents' "Best" Output Matters to the Principal
    RAND Journal of Economics, 1995, 26, (4), 744-760 View citations (5)
59. Policy Watch: Congressional Campaign Finance Reform
    Journal of Economic Perspectives, 1995, 9, (1), 183-193 View citations (9)

1994

60. AN EMPIRICAL TEST OF COMPETING EXPLANATIONS FOR THE MIDTERM GAP IN THE U.S. HOUSE
    Economics and Politics, 1994, 6, (1), 25-37
61. Using Repeat Challengers to Estimate the Effect of Campaign Spending on Election Outcomes in the U.S. House
    Journal of Political Economy, 1994, 102, (4), 777-98 View citations (31)

Chapters

2007

1. Empirical Study of Criminal Punishment
   Elsevier View citations (11)

2001

2. The Determinants of Juvenile Crime
   A chapter in Risky Behavior among Youths: An Economic Analysis, 2001, pp 327-374 View citations (30)

Editor

1. Journal of Political Economy
   University of Chicago Press