Intergenerational Mobility in American History: Accounting for Race and Measurement Error

Zachary Ward

No 10, CEH Discussion Papers from Centre for Economic History, Research School of Economics, Australian National University

Abstract: A large body of evidence suggests that intergenerational mobility in the United States has declined over the past 150 years. However, research that finds high relative mobility in America’s past is based on data with few or no black families, and therefore does not account for the limited opportunities available for African Americans. Moreover, historical studies often measure the father’s economic status with error, which biases estimates towards greater mobility. Using new early 20th century data, I show that the persistence of economic status from father to son is over twice as strong after accounting for racial disparities and for measurement error. After addressing these two issues, I estimate that relative mobility has increased over the 20th century. The results imply that there is greater equality of opportunity today than in the early 20th century, mostly because opportunity was never that equal.

Keywords: intergenerational mobility; measurement error; persistence (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: J62 N31 N32 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2019-11
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-his and nep-pke
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Citations: View citations in EconPapers (7)

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https://cbe.anu.edu.au/researchpapers/CEH/WP201910.pdf

Related works:
Journal Article: Intergenerational Mobility in American History: Accounting for Race and Measurement Error (2023)
Working Paper: Intergenerational Mobility in American History: Accounting for Race and Measurement Error (2021)
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:auu:hpaper:082

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