Hidden exposure: measuring US supply chain reliance

Richard Baldwin, Rebecca Freeman and Angelos Theodorakopoulos

No 1052, Bank of England working papers from Bank of England

Abstract: Supply chain problems, previously relegated to specialized journals, now appear in G7 Leaders’ Communiqués. Our paper looks at three core elements of the problems: measurement of the links that expose supply chains to disruptions, the nature of the shocks that cause the disruptions, and the criteria for policy to mitigate the impact of disruptions. Utilizing global input-output data, we show that US exposure to foreign suppliers, and particularly to China, is ‘hidden’ in the sense that it is much larger than what conventional trade data suggest. However, at the macro level, exposure remains relatively modest, given that over 80% of US industrial inputs are sourced domestically. We argue that many recent shocks to supply chains have been systemic rather than idiosyncratic. Moreover, systemic shocks are likely to arise from climate change, geoeconomic tensions, and digital disruptions. Our principal conclusion is that concerns regarding supply chain disruptions, and policies to address them, should focus on individual products, rather than the whole manufacturing sector.

Keywords: Global supply chains; exposure; input reliance; risk; resilience; globalization (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: F10 F13 F14 F60 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Pages: 59 pages
Date: 2023-11-17
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-int
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (3)

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Journal Article: Hidden Exposure: Measuring US Supply Chain Reliance (2023)
Working Paper: Hidden Exposure: Measuring US Supply Chain Reliance (2023)
Working Paper: Hidden Exposure: Measuring US Supply Chain Reliance (2023)
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:boe:boeewp:1052

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