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Why Match? Investigating Matched Case-Control Study Designs with Causal Effect Estimation

Rose Sherri and J. van der Laan Mark
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Rose Sherri: University of California, Berkeley
J. van der Laan Mark: University of California, Berkeley

The International Journal of Biostatistics, 2009, vol. 5, issue 1, 26

Abstract: Matched case-control study designs are commonly implemented in the field of public health. While matching is intended to eliminate confounding, the main potential benefit of matching in case-control studies is a gain in efficiency. Methods for analyzing matched case-control studies have focused on utilizing conditional logistic regression models that provide conditional and not causal estimates of the odds ratio. This article investigates the use of case-control weighted targeted maximum likelihood estimation to obtain marginal causal effects in matched case-control study designs. We compare the use of case-control weighted targeted maximum likelihood estimation in matched and unmatched designs in an effort to explore which design yields the most information about the marginal causal effect. The procedures require knowledge of certain prevalence probabilities and were previously described by van der Laan (2008). In many practical situations where a causal effect is the parameter of interest, researchers may be better served using an unmatched design.

Keywords: case control sampling; matched case control sampling; causal effect; counterfactual; double robust estimation; estimating function; locally efficient estimation; marginal structural models; targeted maximum likelihood estimation (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2009
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Citations: View citations in EconPapers (11)

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DOI: 10.2202/1557-4679.1127

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The International Journal of Biostatistics is currently edited by Antoine Chambaz, Alan E. Hubbard and Mark J. van der Laan

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