Tic et économie de la proximité: organisation et localisation de la recherche & développement au sein des entreprises globales

Bernadette Madeuf, Denis Carré, Gilliane Lefebvre and Christian Milelli

Innovations, 2005, vol. 21, issue 1, 243-272

Abstract: The main hypothesis of this paper is that ICTs influence on location choices of R&D activities is only secondary. ICTs impact has been so far considered mainly in terms of a trade off between geographical and organisational proximity. Here we propose to add to these two dimensions of proximity, a third dimension : cognitive proximity. ICTs influence has to be analysed according to these three dimensions. Concerning the third dimension , ICT are modifying conditions and functioning of R&D activities from inside, because they are transforming parameters characterizing cognitive proximity. Therefore, their impact on location and organization of enterprises R&D depends on industries and types of research activities. Furthermore, ICT are playing a central role in rising the efficiency of the process of innovation production, by modifying quality, costs and length of research processes, particularly in the case of ? extended research centers?.

Date: 2005
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