Minorities, Human Capital and Long-Run Development: Persistence of Armenian and Greek Influence in Turkey

Cemal Eren Arbatli (eren.arbatli@durham.ac.uk) and Gunes Gokmen

No 6268, CESifo Working Paper Series from CESifo

Abstract: We study the long-term economic legacy of highly-skilled minorities a century after their wholesale expulsion. Using mass expulsions of Armenian and Greek communities of the Ottoman Empire in the early 20th century as a unique natural experiment of history, we show that districts with greater presence of Armenian and Greek minorities at the end of the 19th century are systematically more densely populated, more urbanized, and more developed today. Results are robust to accounting for an extensive set of geographical and historical factors of development and minority settlement patterns. Matching type estimators, instrumental variable regressions, and a sub-province level case study corroborate our findings. Importantly, we provide evidence on the channels of persistence. Armenian and Greek contribution to long-run development is largely mediated by their legacy on local human capital accumulation. In comparison, the mediating effect of minority asset transfer on development appears less important.

Keywords: human capital; economic development; expulsion; minorities; ethnicity; Armenians; Greeks; persistence (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: N40 O10 O43 P48 Z12 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2016
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-ara, nep-cwa, nep-gro and nep-his
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (7)

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Related works:
Working Paper: Minorities, Human Capital and Long-Run Development: Persistence of Armenian and Greek Influence in Turkey (2017)
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:ces:ceswps:_6268

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