The role of participation and empowerment in income and poverty dynamics in Indonesia 1993-2000

Espen Villanger () and Anette Walstad Enes

No WP 2004: 13, CMI Working Papers from CMI (Chr. Michelsen Institute), Bergen, Norway

Abstract: The objective of this study is to assess whether living in a community that has a more democratic decision making system or in a society with a higher degree of participation and cooperation has any effect on household income changes and poverty reduction in Indonesia. Constructing an empowerment index and a participation index, we find that a household would have had a two percentage point higher income growth from 1993 to 2000 if it had been in a society with a high degree of cooperation compared to a society with the lowest degree of cooperation, if our results imply causality. This is substantial, since the average household per capita real income growth between 1993 and 2000 was 11 %. The participation index was found to be insignificant.

Keywords: Household; income; Poverty; reduction; Indonesia (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Pages: 30 pages
Date: 2004
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