Sustainable Energy Economic Policy: Population, Energy Consumption, and Macroeconomic Conditions

Unggul Priyadi, Eko Atmadji, Listya Endang Artiani, Shahrina Md Nordin, Muhammad Ridhuan Tony Lim Abdullah, Mochamad Ali Imron, Muhammad Alkirom Wildan and Rohayu Che Omar
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Unggul Priyadi: Department of Economics, Faculty of Business and Economics, Universitas Islam Indonesia, 55283 Yogyakarta, Indonesia,
Eko Atmadji: Department of Economics, Faculty of Business and Economics, Universitas Islam Indonesia, 55283 Yogyakarta, Indonesia,
Listya Endang Artiani: Department of Economics, Faculty of Business and Economics, Universitas Islam Indonesia, 55283 Yogyakarta, Indonesia,
Shahrina Md Nordin: Department of Management and Humanities, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar 32610, Malaysia,
Muhammad Ridhuan Tony Lim Abdullah: Department of Management and Humanities, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar 32610, Malaysia,
Mochamad Ali Imron: Department of Management and Humanities, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar 32610, Malaysia,
Muhammad Alkirom Wildan: Department of Management, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Trunojoyo Madura, Bangkalan, 69162 Jawa Timur, Indonesia.
Rohayu Che Omar: Institute of Energy Infrastructure, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, 43000 Kajang, Malaysia. Indonesia;

International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 2022, vol. 12, issue 6, 80-85

Abstract: This study examines and analyzes the energy economic policy of Indonesia with population, energy consumption and its macroeconomic condition in the short-run and long-run. In the long run, this study found that the non-renewable energy will be replaced with renewable energy. One of Indonesia's imported energy commodities is fuel and engine oil consumer goods. Based on the unit root test results, the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Model is the most appropriate model used in this study. The coefficient of determination indicated by the R-squared is 0.967579, which means the model can explain 96.8% of the international trade and its macroeconomic factors on the volume of imported fuel and engine oil in Indonesia. This study uses independent variables like total population, vehicle volume, gross domestic product (GDP), exchange rates, and foreign exchange reserves. These variables were fruitful in explaining the critical factors in the imported volume of fuel and engine oil, which are essential public goods used in daily activities and have to meet the people's consumption. In addition, the result reveals that the interesting thing is in the long run, the total population negatively affects fuel and engine oil imports in Indonesia.

Keywords: economic; energy consumption; population; exchange rate; autoregressive distributed lag (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: C15 E20 F18 F62 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

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