The Impact of Economic Complexity, Usage of Energy, Tourism, and Economic Growth on Carbon Emissions: Empirical Evidence of 102 Countries

Aniqa Arslan, Arslan Qayyum, Mosab I. Tabash, Kiran Nair, Muhammad AsadUllah and Linda Nalini Daniel
Additional contact information
Aniqa Arslan: Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Pakistan
Arslan Qayyum: Institute of Business Management, Karachi, Pakistan
Mosab I. Tabash: College of business Administration,Al Ain University of Science and Technology P.O. Box: 64141, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates (UAE)
Kiran Nair: Abu Dhabi University, United Arab Emirates
Muhammad AsadUllah: Institute of Business Management, Pakistan
Linda Nalini Daniel: Higher Colleges of Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates

International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 2023, vol. 13, issue 5, 315-324

Abstract: This study tries to investigate the impact of economic complexity, usage of energy, tourism, and economic growth on carbon emissions. Economic complexity, economic growth, air travel, and renewable and non-renewable energy consumption have all been the subject of several studies looking at environmental impact on humans. In light of the Environmental Kuznets Curve concept, it is critical to re-evaluate environmental challenges in today’s complex economy. For this purpose, we took the data of 102 countries ranging from 1994 to 2018 and divided such countries into low-income and high-income groups on the basis of GDP per capita. This study applied static models such as pooled, random, and fixed effects. In addition to that, it also applies dynamic model i.e. step-wise system GMM approach for testing the individual and combined effects by controlling for endogeneity. Our results show that tourism has positive and significant impact on carbon emissions. Moreover, the effects are more pronounced for high-income groups. Economic complexity has negative and positive effect on carbon emissions for high-income groups and low-income groups respectively. Moreover, GDP has negative and positive effect on carbon emissions for low-income groups and high-income groups. Our results are consistent by using step-wise system GMM and are robust in nature. Hence, static and dynamic models provide same results with minor differences. This study divides the 102 countries into low-income and high-income groups on the basis of their GDP per capita. It applied static and dynamic models for checking the impact of ecological footprints, economic complexity index, and air travel on environment by supporting Environment Kuznets Curve.

Keywords: Economic Complexity; Usage of Energy; Tourism; Economic growth; Carbon Emissions (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O44 Q01 Q57 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
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