Causality in direct air services and tourism demand

Tay T.R. Koo, Christine Lim and Frédéric Dobruszkes

Annals of Tourism Research, 2017, vol. 67, issue C, 67-77

Abstract: Unlike income or relative prices, air transport attributes and tourism demand on a given route can be endogenous. Using instrumental variables, this study attempted to account for the circular causality in estimating the effect of direct air service on tourism demand. Although we found evidence of endogeneity, the nature of the circular causation is context-specific; while direct air service can be regarded as an exogenous variable in one direction, it can have an endogenous relationship on the other. Findings emphasise the need to explicate information about the network nature of transportation and its endogenous relations with tourism.

Keywords: Direct air services; Air transport liberalization; Tourism demand; Endogeneity; LIML estimator; Instrumental variable (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2017
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Citations: View citations in EconPapers (18)

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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:anture:v:67:y:2017:i:c:p:67-77

DOI: 10.1016/j.annals.2017.08.004

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