An optimal home energy management system for modulating heat pumps and photovoltaic systems

Lissy Langer and Thomas Volling

Applied Energy, 2020, vol. 278, issue C, No S0306261920311570

Abstract: Efficient residential sector coupling plays a key role in supporting the energy transition. In this study, we analyze the structural properties associated with the optimal control of a home energy management system and the effects of common technological configurations and objectives. We conduct this study by modeling a representative building with a modulating air-sourced heat pump, a photovoltaic(PV) system, a battery, and thermal storage systems for floor heating and hot-water supply. In addition, we allow grid feed-in by assuming fixed feed-in tariffs and consider user comfort. In our numerical analysis, we find that the battery, naturally, is the essential building block for improving self-sufficiency. However, in order to use the PV surplus efficiently grid feed-in is necessary. The commonly considered objective of maximizing self-consumption is not economically viable under the given tariff structure; however, close-to-optimal performance and significant reduction in solution times can be achieved by maximizing self-sufficiency. Based on optimal control and considering seasonal effects, the dominant order of PV distribution and the target states of charge of the storage systems can be derived. Using a rolling horizon approach, the solution time can be reduced to less than 1min (achieving a time resolution of 1h per year). By evaluating the value of information, we find that the common horizon of 24h for prediction and control results in unintended but avoidable end-of-horizon effects. Our input data and mixed-integer linear model developed using the Julia JuMP programming language are available in an open-source manner.

Keywords: Heat pump; Photovoltaics(PV); Demand-side flexibility; Thermal energy storage; Model predictive control(MPC); Mixed-integer linear programming(MILP) (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2020
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Citations: View citations in EconPapers (16)

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DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.115661

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