Design and dispatch optimization of packaged ice storage systems within a connected community

Karl Heine, Paulo Cesar Tabares-Velasco and Michael Deru

Applied Energy, 2021, vol. 298, issue C, No S0306261921005870

Abstract: The traditional implementation of cool thermal energy storage (CTES) must be reimagined within the context of a dynamic grid and smart buildings operating as connected communities. As most buildings do not operate central chillers or connect to district cooling loops, this necessitates a broader use of packaged CTES. Our objective is to begin answering the question of how such packaged CTES should be implemented within a connected community. We do so by presenting a simulation–optimization workflow employing building energy modeling software and a mixed-integer linear program to design and dispatch a packaged CTES technology to achieve minimum total annual cost. We demonstrate this methodology on a seven-building case study using current utility rates and find that total annual cooling energy costs can be reduced by 17.8% compared to baseline, after accounting for the cost of storage. We perform three parametric sensitivity studies to evaluate modeling assumptions and obtain the prioritization of storage procurement as a function of annualized life-cycle cost of storage. We find that a community optimization approach provides significantly different results than individual building optimizations and provides greater savings compared to baseline.

Keywords: Connected community optimization; Cool thermal energy storage; Mixed-integer linear programming; Packaged ice storage; Unitary thermal storage systems; Energy storage; EnergyPlus (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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Citations: View citations in EconPapers (11)

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DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.117147

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