Stable semivortex gap solitons in a spin–orbit-coupled Fermi gas

P. Díaz, H. Molinares, L.M. Pérez, D. Laroze, J. Bragard and B.A. Malomed

Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 2024, vol. 179, issue C

Abstract: We demonstrate the existence of semivortex (SV) solitons, with vorticities 0 and 1 in the two components, in a two-dimensional (2D) fermionic spinor system under the action of the Rashba-type spin–orbit coupling in the combination with the Zeeman splitting (ZS). In the “heavy-atom” approximation, which was previously elaborated for the bosonic system, the usual kinetic energy is neglected, which gives rise to a linear spectrum with a bandgap. The model includes the effective Pauli self-repulsion with power 7/3, as produced by the density-functional theory of Fermi superfluids. In the general case, the inter-component contact repulsion is included too. We construct a family of gap solitons of the SV type populating the spectral bandgap. A stability region is identified for the SV solitons, by means of systematic simulations, in the parameter plane of the cross-repulsion strength and chemical potential. The stability region agrees with the prediction of the anti-Vakhitov-Kolokolov criterion, which is a relevant necessary stability condition for systems with self-repulsive nonlinearities. We also test the stability of the SV solitons against a sudden change of the ZS strength, which initiates robust oscillations in the spin state of the soliton due to transfer of particles between the system’s components.

Keywords: Fermi systems; Spin–orbit coupling; Semivortex solitons; Gap solitons; Soliton stability (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:chsofr:v:179:y:2024:i:c:s0960077924000079

DOI: 10.1016/j.chaos.2024.114456

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