Enter the MATRIX model:a Multi-Agent model for Transition Risks with application to energy shocks

Emanuele Ciola, Enrico Turco, Andrea Gurgone, Davide Bazzana, Sergio Vergalli and Francesco Menoncin

Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 2023, vol. 146, issue C

Abstract: The global energy crisis that began in fall 2021 and the subsequent spike in energy prices constitute a significant challenge for the world economy that risks undermining the post-COVID-19 recovery. In this paper, we develop and calibrate a new Multi-Agent model for Transition Risks (MATRIX) to analyze the role of energy in the functioning of a complex adaptive system and the economic and distributional effects of energy shocks. The economic system is populated by heterogeneous agents, i.e., households, firms and banks, which take optimal decision rules and interact in decentralized markets characterized by limited information. After calibrating the model on US quarterly macroeconomic data, we assess the economic and distributional impacts of different types of energy shocks, namely: (i) an exogenous increase in the price of fossil fuels (e.g., oil or gas); (ii) a decrease in energy firms’ productivity; (iii) a reduction in the available quantity of fossil fuels. We find that the energy shocks entail similar effects at the aggregate level in terms of higher inflation and lower real GDP. Nevertheless, the distribution of gains and losses across sectors and agents varies significantly depending on the type of shock. Our findings suggest that policymakers should carefully consider the nature of energy shocks and the resulting distributional effects to design effective measures in response to energy crises.

Keywords: Energy Sector; Energy Shocks; Agent-Based Models; Macroeconomic Dynamics (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: C63 O13 Q41 Q43 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2023
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (21)

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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:eee:dyncon:v:146:y:2023:i:c:s0165188922002925

DOI: 10.1016/j.jedc.2022.104589

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